Substituted azepino[4,5b]indole derivatives

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I): 
                 
 
wherein R 1 -R 4 , p and q have any of the values described in the specification, as well as pharmaceutical salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds or salts. The compounds and salts are 5-HT ligands and are useful for treating diseases, disorders, and/or conditions in a mammal wherein activity of a 5-HT receptor is implicated. The compounds and salts are particularly useful for treating diseases of the central nervous system.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/957,625, filed Sep. 20, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,583,135, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/234,376, filed 20 Sep. 2000; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/266,047, filed 1 Feb. 2001; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/301,964, filed 29 Jun. 2001.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to a series of compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and to use of the compounds and compositions as therapeutic agents. More specifically, compounds of the present invention are hexahydroazepinoindole and octahydroazepinoindole compounds. These compounds are serotonin receptor (5-HT) ligands and are useful for treating diseases, disorders, and conditions wherein modulation of the activity of serotonin receptors (5-HT) is desired (e.g. anxiety, depression and obesity).

2. Brief Description of Related Technology

Serotonin has been implicated in a number of diseases, disorders, and conditions that originate in the central nervous system, including diseases, disorders, and conditions related to, for example, sleeping, eating, perceiving pain, controlling body temperature, controlling blood pressure, depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Serotonin also plays an important role in peripheral systems, such as the gastrointestinal system, where it has been found to mediate a variety of contractile, secretory, and electrophysiologic effects.

Because of the broad distribution of serotonin within the body, a heightened interest exists for drugs that affect serotonergic systems. In particular, agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of serotonergic systems are of interest for the treatment of a wide range of disorders, including anxiety, depression, hypertension, migraine, obesity, compulsive disorders, schizophrenia, autism, neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, and Huntington's chorea), and chemotherapy-induced vomiting.

The major classes of serotonin receptors (5-HT₁₋₇) contain fourteen to eighteen separate receptors that have been formally classified. See Glennon, et al., Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 1990, 14, 35; and D. Hoyer, et al. Pharmacol. Rev. 1994, 46, 157-203.

For example, the 5-HT₂ family of receptors contains 5-HT_(2A), 5-HT_(2B), and 5-HT_(2C) subtypes, which have been grouped together on the basis of primary structure, secondary messenger system, and operational profile. All three 5-HT₂ subtypes are G-protein coupled, activate phospholipase C as a principal transduction mechanism, and contain a seven-transmembrane domain structure. There are distinct differences in the distribution of the three 5-HT₂ subtypes in a mammal. The 5-HT_(2B) and 5-HT_(2A) receptors are widely distributed in the peripheral nervous system, while the 5-HT_(2C) receptor has been found only in the central nervous system, being highly expressed in many regions of the human brain. See G. Baxter, et al. Trends in Pharmacol. Sci. 1995, 16, 105-110.

Subtype 5-HT_(2A) has been associated with effects including vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and bronchoconstriction, while subtype 5-HT_(2C) has been associated with diseases that include depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorders, phobias, psychiatric syndromes, and obesity. Very little is known about the pharmocologic role of the 5-HT_(2B) receptor. See F. Jenck, et al., Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 1998, 7, 1587-1599; M. Bos, et al., J. Med. Chem., 1997, 40, 2762-2769; J. R. Martin, et al., The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1998, 286, 913-924; S. M. Bromidge, et al., J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41, 1598-1612; G. A. Kennett, Drugs, 1998, 1, 4, 456-470; and A. Dekeyne, et al., Neuropharmacology, 1999, 38, 415-423.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,553,232 and 3,622,673 disclose 4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepine[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-yl)butyrophenones that are reported to be useful in the treatment of mental or emotional disorders.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,652,588, 3,676,558, and 3,839,357 disclose 6-alkyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles and aneroxigenic compounds thereof that are reportedly useful to tranquilize and otherwise sedate mammals or suppress hunger in mammals.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,525,750 discloses 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles that are reported to produce an antitussive effect in mammals.

European Patent Application EP 466548A, and counterpart Australian Patent Application Number AU-B-79293/91, disclose substituted hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles that are reported to be useful for treating certain specified central nervous system disorders.

European Patent Specification 0 028 381 reports certain 6-phenyl substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles that are reported to exhibit anti-depressant, anti-allergic, and neuroleptic activity.

JP Public Patent Disclosure Bulletin Number 63-163347 discloses indole compounds that are reported to prevent fading of organic coloring substances.

International Patent Application Publication Number WO 01/0573 A1 discloses 9-arylsulfone-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles that are reported to be useful for treating depression, obesity, and other CNS disorders.

Despite the above-cited publications, there remains a need for pharmaceutical agents that are useful in treating a variety of diseases, disorders, and conditions that are associated with serotonin (5-HT) receptors.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Generally, the present invention is directed to methods and compositions useful in treating a disease, disorder, and/or condition in a mammal wherein a 5-HT receptor is implicated, and modulation of a 5-HT function is desired, by using a novel compound disclosed herein.

In accordance with the present invention, novel compounds which demonstrate useful biological activity, and particularly activity as 5-HT receptor ligands, are provided. More specifically, the invention provides a compound of Formula (I):

-   -   wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,         C₁₋₈alkyl, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene Ar;     -   each R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of         C₁₋₈alkyl, and OH;     -   R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, Het, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—,         R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁷SO₂—,         R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, or         R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneC(═O)—;     -   each R⁴, independently, is selected from the group consisting of         Ar, C₁₋₈alkyl, ArO—, C₁₋₈alkoxy, Het, halo, OH, CN, NO₂, CF₃,         CF₃O, NR^(a)R^(b), N═CR^(a)R^(b), R⁷S, C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr, and         C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a);     -   each R⁵ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl,         C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar,         or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; or R⁵ and R⁶ together with the         nitrogen to which they are attached form a pyrrolidino,         piperidino, morpholino, or thiomorpholino ring;     -   each R⁷ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl,         C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or         —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr;     -   R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group         consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr,         SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het;     -   R^(c) is Ar, Het, R⁷CO₂—, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁷O—,         R⁷C₁₋₈alkyleneO—, R⁷S—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁷S(═O)₂—,         R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁷C(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷C(═S)N(R⁷)—, R⁵R⁶N—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—,         R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷SO₂N(R⁷)—,         or R⁷N(R⁷)C(═O)N(R⁷)—;     -   each Ar is independently aryl or heteroaryl;     -   p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and     -   q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;     -   wherein any Ar of R¹, R³-R⁷, R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) is         optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5)         substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(c),         methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(e), SO₂R^(e),         NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(e), R^(e), and         C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d);     -   each R^(d) is independently hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkoxy, cyano, SR^(h),         or C(═O)R^(h);     -   each R^(e) is independently selected from the group consisting         of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar,         SO₂C₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; wherein any Ar         of R^(e) is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2,         3, 4, or 5) substituents independently selected from halo, CN,         NO₂, OR^(d), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(f),         SO₂R^(f), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(f), R^(f), and         C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d);     -   each R^(f) and R^(g), is independently selected from the group         consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr,         SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; and     -   each R^(h) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl,         C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, phenyl, or         —C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene(phenyl);     -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Preferably, for a compound of formula (I):

-   -   I. when         -   (a) R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, or optionally substituted             phenylC₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, and         -   (b) q is 0,     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3 or 4, or         -   (ii) p is 1 or 2, and R⁴ is other than halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or             C₁₋₈alkoxy; and     -   II. when         -   (a) R³ is hydrogen; and         -   (b) q is at least 1, and at least one R² is hydroxy             substituted at the 5-position of Formula (I),     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3, or 4; or         -   (ii) p is 2, one R⁴ is halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkyl, CF₃, CF₃O,             C₁₋₈alkoxy, or C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), wherein R^(a) is             hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyl, and the other R⁴ is other than             C₁₋₈alkyl; or         -   (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than halo,             hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkyl, CF₃, CF₃O, C₁₋₈alkoxy, or             C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), wherein R^(a) is hydrogen or             C₁₋₆alkyl; and     -   III. when         -   (a) R³ is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one fluoro,             chloro, bromo, trifluoromethyl, C₁₋₈alkyl, hydroxy, or             OC₁₋₈alkyl;     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3, or 4; or         -   (ii) p is 2, one R⁴ is halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈alkoxy, hydroxy,             or trifluoromethyl, and the other R⁴ is other than             C₁₋₈alkyl; or         -   (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than a halo,             C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈alkoxy, hydroxy, or trifluoromethyl; and     -   IV. when         -   (a) R³ is C₁₋₆alkylenephenyl wherein the phenyl is             optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, bromo,             C₁₋₈alkyl, or OC₁₋₈alkyl;     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3, or 4; or         -   (ii) p is 2, one R⁴ is fluoro, chloro, bromo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or             C₁₋₈alkoxy, and and the other R⁴ is other than C₁₋₈alkyl; or         -   (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than a fluoro,             chloro, bromo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy;

More preferably, for a compound of formula (I):

-   -   I. when         -   (a) R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, or optionally substituted             phenylC₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, and         -   (b) q is 0,     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3or 4, or         -   (ii) p is 1 or 2, and R⁴ is other than halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or             C₁₋₈alkoxy; and     -   II. when         -   (a) R³ is hydrogen ArC₁₋₈hydrocarbylene,             ArC₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneC(═O)—, C₁₋₈alkyl(C═O)—, or C₁₋₈alkyl;             and         -   (b) q is at least 1, and at least one R² is hydroxy             substituted at the 5-position of Formula (I),     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3, or 4; or         -   (ii) p is 2, one R⁴ is halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkyl, CF₃, CF₃O,             C₁₋₈alkoxy, or C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), wherein R^(a) is             hydrogen or C₁₋₈alkyl, and the other R⁴ is other than             C₁₋₈alkyl; or         -   (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than halo,             hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkyl, CF₃, CF₃O, C₁₋₈alkoxy, or             C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), wherein R^(a) is hydrogen or             C₁₋₈alkyl; and     -   III. when         -   (a) R³ is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one halo,             trifluoromethyl, C₁₋₈alkyl, hydroxy, or OC₁₋₈alkyl;     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3, or 4; or         -   (ii) p is 2, one R⁴ is halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈alkoxy, hydroxy,             or trifluoromethyl, and the other R⁴ is other than             C₁₋₈alkyl; or         -   (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than a halo,             C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈alkoxy, hydroxy, or trifluoromethyl; and     -   IV. when         -   (a) R³ is C₁₋₆alkylenephenyl wherein the phenyl is             optionally substituted with halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or OC₁₋₈alkyl;     -    then either         -   (i) p is 3, or 4; or         -   (ii) p is 2, one R⁴ is halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy, and             and the other R⁴ is other than C₁₋₈alkyl; or         -   (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than halo,             C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Still another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of treating a disease, disorder, and/or condition in a mammal (e.g., animal or human), wherein a 5-HT receptor is implicated and modulation of a 5-HT function is desired. The method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention comprises a method of modulating 5-HT receptor function with an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A further embodiment of the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing diseases, disorders, and/or conditions of the central nervous system. The method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

Specific diseases, disorders, and/or conditions for which compounds of Formula (I) may have activity include, but are not limited to, obesity, depression, epilepsy, anxiety, Alzheimers disease, withdrawal from drug abuse, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, a stress related disease (e.g., general anxiety disorder), panic disorder, a phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic-stress syndrome, immune system depression, a stress induced problem with the urinary, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular system (e.g., stress incontinence), neurodegenerative disorders, autism, chemotherapy-induced vomiting, hypertension, migraine headaches, cluster headaches, sexual dysfunction in a mammal (e.g., a human), addictive disorder and withdrawal syndrome, an adjustment disorder, an age-associated learning and mental disorder, anorexia nervosa, apathy, an attention-deficit disorder due to general medical conditions, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral disturbance (including agitation in conditions associated with diminished cognition, e.g., dementia, mental retardation or delirium), bipolar disorder, bulimia nervosa, chronic fatigue syndrome, conduct disorder, cyclothymic disorder, dysthymic disorder, fibromyalgia and other somatoform disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, an inhalation disorder, an intoxication disorder, movement disorder (e.g., Huntington's disease or Tardive Dyskinesia), oppositional defiant disorder, peripheral neuropathy, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a psychotic disorder (brief and long duration disorders and psychotic disorder due to medical condition), mood disorder (major depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features) seasonal affective disorder, a sleep disorder, a specific developmental disorder, agitation disorder, selective serotonin reuptake inhibition (SSRI) “poop out” syndrome or a Tic disorder (e.g., Tourette's syndrome). The activity of 5-HT receptors is implicated in the above diseases of the central nervous system.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention comprises the use of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing diseases, disorders, and conditions of the central nervous system.

The invention also provides synthetic intermediates and processes disclosed herein that are useful for preparing compounds of formula (I).

Compounds of formula (I) are 5-HT ligands. Thus, radiolabeled compounds of formula (I) are useful as imaging agents for medical therapy and diagnosis. Such radiolabeled compounds are also useful as pharmacological tools for studying 5-HT function and activity. Accordingly, the invention also provides a radiolabeled compound of formula (I), or a salt thereof.

Compounds of formula I can be labeled using techniques which are well known in the art. For example, a radioisotope can be incorporated into the compound or appended to the compound of formula I using techniques well known in the art. For example, see Arthur Murry III, D. Lloyd Williams; Organic Synthesis with Isotopes, vol. I and II, Interscience Publishers.Inc., N.Y. (1958) and Melvin Calvin et al. Isotopic Carbon John Wiley and Sons Inc., N.Y. (1949). Any radioisotope capable of being detected can be employed as a label. For example, suitable radioisotopes include: carbon-11, fluorine-18, fluorine-19, iodine-123 and iodine-125. Preferably, a compound of formula I may be labeled by appending one or more radioisotopes of a halogen (e.g. iodine-123) to an aromatic ring, or by alkylating a nitrogen of a compound of formula (I) with a group comprising a phenyl group bearing a radioisotope.

The invention also provides a radiolabeled compound of formula (I) for use in medical diagnosis or therapy, as well as the use of a radiolabeled compound of formula (I) to prepare a medicamant useful for medical diagnosis or therapy

Further aspects and embodiments of the invention may become apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the examples and the appended claims. While the invention is susceptible of embodiments in various forms, described hereafter are specific embodiments of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is intended as illustrative, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

FIGS. 1-26 depict reaction schemes for the preparation of compounds of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In describing the preferred embodiments, certain terminology has been utilized for the sake of clarity. Such terminology is intended to encompass the recited embodiments as well as all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner for a similar purpose to achieve a similar result.

The following definitions are used, unless otherwise described:

As used herein, the term “alkyl” includes straight chained and branched hydrocarbon groups containing the indicated number of carbon atoms, typically methyl, ethyl, and straight chain and branched propyl and butyl groups. The term “alkyl” also encompasses cycloalkyl, i.e., a cyclic C₃-C₈hydrocarbon group, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Reference to an individual group or moiety, such as “propyl,” embraces only the straight chain group or moiety. A branched chain isomer, such as “isopropyl,” is specifically referred to.

The term “alkoxy” is defined as —OR, wherein R is alkyl.

The term “halo” is defined herein to include fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. Similarly, the term “halogen” is defined herein to include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

The term “haloalkyl” is defined herein as an alkyl group substituted with one or more halo substituents, either fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, or combinations thereof. Similarly, “halocycloalkyl” is defined as a cycloalkyl group having one or more halo substituents.

The term “aryl,” alone or in combination, is defined herein as a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic group (e.g., phenyl or naphthyl) that can be unsubstituted or substituted, for example, with one or more, and in particular one to three of the following substituents selected from the group consisting of H, halo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, N₃, C₁₋₆alkyl, OH, NR^(a)R^(b), OC₁₋₆alkyl, OR^(a), C(═O)NR^(a)R^(b), C(═S)NR^(a)R^(b), tetrazoyl, triazoyl, amidinyl, guanidinyl, thioguanidinyl, cyanoguanadinyl, and aryl. Generally, “aryl” denotes a phenyl group, or an ortho-fused bicyclic carbocyclic group having nine to ten ring atoms in which at least one ring is aromatic (e.g. naphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl). The term “aryl” also is abbreviated in the various chemical structures as “Ar.”

The term “heteroaryl” is defined herein as a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system containing one, two, or three aromatic rings and containing at least one nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atom in an aromatic ring, and which can be unsubstituted or substituted, for example, with one or more, and in particular one to three, substituents, like halo, alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, nitro, amino, alkylamnino, acylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, and alkylsulfonyl. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-indolyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, 4nH-carbazolyl, acridinyl, benzo[b]thienyl, benzothiazolyl, β-carbolinyl, carbazolyl, chromenyl, cinnaolinyl, dibenzo[b,d]furanyl, furazanyl, furyl, imidazolyl, imidizolyl, indazolyl, indolisinyl, indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, naptho[2,3-b], oxazolyl, perimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenarsazinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, and xanthenyl. In one embodiment the term “heteroaryl” denotes a monocyclic aromatic ring containing five or six ring atoms containing carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of non-peroxide oxygen, sulfur, and N(Z) wherein Z is absent or is H, O, C₁₋₄alkyl, phenyl or benzyl. In another embodiment heteroaryl denotes an ortho-fused bicyclic heterocycle of about eight to ten ring atoms derived therefrom, particularly a benz-derivative or one derived by fusing a propylene, or tetramethylene diradical thereto.

The term “Het” generally represents a heterocyclic group, saturated or partially unsaturated, containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, and optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl or C(═O)OR^(b). Typically “Het” is a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic group containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. A “Het” group also can contain an oxo group (═O) attached to the ring. Nonlimiting examples of Het groups include 1,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-dithiane, 2H-pyran, 2-pyrazoline, 4H-pyran, chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholine, piperazinyl, piperidine, piperidyl, pyrazolidine, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, quinuclidine, and thiomorpholine.

The term “alkanoyl” is defined as C(═O)R, wherein R is an alkyl group as previously defined.

The term “alkoxycarbonyl” is defined as C(═O)OR, wherein R is an alkyl group as previously defined.

The term “alkylene” refers to a divalent alkyl group having a substituent. For example, the term “C₁₋₃alkylenearyl” refers to an alkyl group containing one to three carbon atoms, and substituted with an aryl group. The term “alkenylene” as used herein is similarly defined, and contains the indicated number of carbon atoms and a carbon-carbon double bond, and includes straight chained and branched alkenylene groups, like ethyenylene. The term “alkynylene” as used herein is similary defined, and contains the indicated number of carbon atoms and a carbon-carbon triple bond, and includes straight chained and branched alkynylene groups, like propynylene.

The term “hydrocarbylene” refers to alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene. For example, the term “C₁₋₃hydrocarbylenearyl” refers to a hydrocarbylene group containing one to three carbon atoms, and substituted with an aryl group.

The term “amino” is defined as —NH₂, and the term “alkylamino” is defined as —NR₂, wherein at least one R is alkyl and the second R is alkyl or hydrogen. The term “acylamino” is defined as RC(═O)N, wherein R is alkyl or aryl.

The term “nitro” is defined as —NO₂.

The term “trifluoromethyl” is defined as —CF₃.

The term “trifluoromethoxy” is defined as —OCF₃.

The term “cyano” is defined as —CN.

The carbon atom content of various hydrocarbon-containing moieties is indicated by a prefix designating the minimum and maximum number of carbon atoms in the moiety, i.e., the prefix C_(i-j) indicates a moiety of the integer “i” to the integer “j” carbon atoms, inclusive. Thus, for example, “C₁₋₆alkyl” refers to alkyls having one to six carbon atoms, inclusive.

Also in the structures herein, for a bond lacking a substituent, the substituent is methyl, for example

Where no substituent is indicated as attached to a carbon atom on a ring, it is understood that the carbon atom contains the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms.

Abbreviations which are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art also are used, e.g., “Boc” or “-Boc” for tert-butoxycarbamoyl,“Bz” for benzoyl, “Bn” for benzyl, “Ms” for mesyl, and “Ph” for phenyl.

Specific and preferred values listed below for groups or moieties, substituents, and ranges, are for purposes of illustration only and do not exclude other defined values or other values within the defined ranges.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I):

-   -   wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,         C₁₋₆alkyl, and C₁₋₆hydrocarbylenearyl;     -   R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of         C₁₋₄alkyl, and OH;     -   R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         aryl, heteroaryl, C(═O)R^(a), C(═O)OR^(a), C(═O)NR^(a)R^(b),         C(═O)SR^(a), C(═S)NR^(a)R^(b), SO₂R^(a), SO₂NR^(a)R^(b),         S(═O)R^(a), S(═O)NR^(a)R^(b), C(═O)OR^(a),         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), C(═O)NR^(a)C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneHet,         C(═O)C₁₋₆hydrocarbylenearyl, C(═O)C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl,         C₁₋₆hydrocarbylenearyl, C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl,         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneHet,         C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneC(═O)C₁₋₆hydrocarbylenearyl,         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl,         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)Het, C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneC(═O)NR^(a)R^(b),         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneNR^(a)C(═O)R^(a),         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOC₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOR^(a),         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneNR^(a)R^(b), C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)OR^(a),         C₁₋₆-hydrocarbylene-O—C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)OR^(a),         C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneSR^(a), C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneSO₂R^(a), and         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneS(═O)R^(a); C₁₋₆-hydrocarbylenes         SO₂NR^(a)R^(b); C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneNSO₂R^(a);     -   R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, aryloxy,         alkoxy, heteroaryl, halo, OH, CN, NO₂, CF₃, CF₃O, NR^(a)R^(b),         N═CR^(a)R^(b), C₁₋₃hydrocarbylene-O-aryl,         C₁₋₃hydrocarbylene-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₃-hydrocarbyleneOR^(a),         wherein A is a 5- or 6-membered ring, either saturated or         partially or fully unsaturated, containing carbon atoms and one         to three heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;     -   or R³ and R⁴ can be taken together to form a 5-, 6-, or         7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring;     -   R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group         consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, aryl,         heteroaryl, arylC₁₋₃alkyl, heteroarylC₁₋₃alkyl,         C₁₋₃hydrocarbylenearyl, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl, SO₂aryl,         SO₂C₁₋₄-alkyl, and Het;     -   p=0-4;     -   q=0-8; and,         pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,     -   wherein when R³ and R⁴ are aryl and/or heteroaryl, each can be         substituted with one to five groups selected from OR^(a), alkyl,         aryl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halo, SR^(a), C(═O)R^(a), CN, CF₃, OCF₃,         C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneCN, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), heteroaryl         (optionally substituted with OR^(a)), and NO₂, or the two         substitutents can be taken together to form a 3-, 4-, or         5-membered component of a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered saturated or         partially unsaturated ring;     -   with the proviso that when     -   (a) R³ is hydrogen, alkyl, or C₁₋₃hydrocarbylenearyl, and     -   (b) q is 0,         then either     -   (i) p is 3 or 4, or     -   (ii) p is 1 or 2, and R⁴ is other than a halo or an alkoxy.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I):

-   -   wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl,         and C₁₋₆hydrocarbylenearyl (or R¹ is hydrogen);     -   R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of         C₁₋₄alkyl, and OH;     -   R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         aryl, heteroaryl, C(═O)R^(a), C(═O)OR^(a), C(═O)NR^(a)R^(b),         C(═O)SR^(a), C(═S)NR^(a)R^(b), SO₂R^(a), SO₂NR^(a)R^(b),         S(═O)R^(a), S(═O)NR^(a)R^(b),         C(═O)NR^(a)C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOR^(a),         C(═O)NR^(a)C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneHet, C(═O)C₁₋₆hydrocarbylenearyl,         C(═O)C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl, C₁₋₆-hydrocarbylenearyl,         C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl, C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl         hydrocarbyleneHet,         C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneC(═O)C₁₋₆hydrocarbylenearyl,         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl,         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)Het, C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneC(═O)NR^(a)R^(b),         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneNR^(a)C(═O)R^(a),         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOC₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneOR^(a),         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneNR^(a)R^(b), C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)OR^(a),         C₁₋₆-hydrocarbylene-O—C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneC(═O)OR^(a),         C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneSR^(a), C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneSO₂R^(a), and         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneS(═O)R^(a); C₁₋₆-hydrocarbyleneSO₂NR^(a)R^(b);         C₁₋₆hydrocarbyleneNSO₂R^(a);     -   R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, aryloxy,         alkoxy, heteroaryl, halo, OH, CN, NO₂, CF₃, CF₃O, NR^(a)R^(b),         N═CR^(a)R^(b), C₁₋₃-hydrocarbylene-O-aryl,         C₁₋₃hydrocarbylene-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₃-hydrocarbyleneOR^(a),         wherein A is a 5- or 6-membered ring, either saturated or         partially or fully unsaturated, containing carbon atoms and one         to three heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;     -   or R³ and R⁴ can be taken together to form a 5-, 6-, or         7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring;     -   R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group         consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, aryl,         heteroaryl, arylC₁₋₃alkyl, heteroarylC₁₋₃alkyl,         C₁₋₃hydrocarbylenearyl, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneheteroaryl, SO₂aryl,         SO₂C₁₋₄-alkyl, and Het;     -   p=0-4;     -   q=0-8; and,         pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,     -   wherein when R³ and R⁴ are aryl and/or heteroaryl, each can be         substituted with one to five groups selected from OR^(a), alkyl,         aryl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halo, SR^(a), C(═O)R^(a), CN, CF₃, OCF₃,         C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneCN, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), heteroaryl         (optionally substituted with OR^(a)), and NO₂, or the two         substitutents can be taken together to form a 3-, 4-, or         5-membered component of a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered saturated or         partially unsaturated ring;     -   with the proviso that when     -   (a) R³ is hydrogen, alkyl, or C₁₋₃hydrocarbylenearyl, and     -   (b) either p is 0, 1, or 2, or q is 0,         then     -   R⁴ is other than a halo or an alkoxy.

Compounds of Formula (I) are serotonin (5-HT) receptor ligands, and as such are useful in treating animals (including humans, farm animals, pets, and other animals) against diseases, disorders, and conditions of the central nervous system.

In one of the preferred embodiments, R¹ is hydrogen.

In another one of the preferred embodiments, p is 0, 1, or 2.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments p is 1, 2, or 3.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments p is 0.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments, q is 0-4.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments q is 2, 3, or 4.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments q is 1.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments q is 0.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)CH₂—, R⁷SC₁₋₈alkylene, or aryloxy(CH₂)₂—.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R³ is hydrogen.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R³ is C₁₋₈alkyl, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)CH₂— or aryloxy(CH₂)₂—.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R³ is: 2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl, 2-(3-nitrophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(3-isopropylpbenoxy)ethyl, 2-(4-pyridyloxy)ethyl, 3-phenoxypropyl, 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino-carbonylmethyl, N-(3-methylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-mesitylaminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(phenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-fluorophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-nitrophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-cyanophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, 2-anilinoethyl, 1H-benzirnidazol-2-ylmethyl, isobutoxycarbonylmethyl, carboxymethyl, N,N-dimethylaminocarbonylmethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl, 2-(phenylsulfinyl)ethyl, 2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(phenylthio)ethyl, 2-amninoethyl, 2-(anilinocarbonylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethyl, N-(4-methoxypbenyl)aminocarbonylethyl, N-phenylaminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2-pyridyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, 3-ethylanilinocarbonylmethyl, 3-isopropylanilinocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-tert-butylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-tert-butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl, 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl, 2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)ethyl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl, 2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-[2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-pyridyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, or 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R⁴ is phenyl, optionally substituted at the 2-position of the phenyl.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R⁴ is 2-ethoxyphenyl, 2-(C₃₋₈cycloalkyloxy)phenyl, or 2-chlorophenyl.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R⁴ is aryl, substituted at the 10-position of formula (I).

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R⁴ is: 5-pyrimidinyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 4-n-butyloxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-pyridinyl, bromo, benzhydrilideneamino, amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, phenoxy, 3-(phenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-naphthyloxy)propyl, 3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl, 3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yloxy)propyl, 3-(3-methoxyphonoxy)propyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-cyanophenoxy)propyl, 3-(pyridin-2-yloxy)propyl, 3-(2-bromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-iodophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-isopropylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-cyanophenoxy)propyl, 3-(pyridin-3yloxy)propyl, 3-(3-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-bromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-iodophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)propyl, 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propyl, 3-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]propyl, 3-(3-ethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(pyridin-4yloxy)propyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-[4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy]propyl, 3-(4-bromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-iodophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-ethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl, 3-[4′-(bromo[1,1′-biphenyl]4-yl)oxy]propyl, 3-(2,3-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-iodo-2-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,5-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-chloro-5-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-fluoro-6-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-(2,3,6-trimethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(mesityloxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-dibromo-4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)propyl, 3-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)propyl, 3-[(2,4-dichloro-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[4-chloro-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[1,6-dibromo-2-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[1-bromo-2-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)propyl, 2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, phenyl, phenoxy, 4-pyridinyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yloxypropyl, chloro, 2,6-difluorophenyl, bromo, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-propoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(5-chloro-8-quinolinyloxy)propyl, fluoro, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl, or 2,4-dichlorophenyl.

In yet another one of the preferred embodiments R⁴ is 10-(2-ethoxyphenyl).

In still another embodiment, R⁴ is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system

wherein the bicyclic ring can represent, for example, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisoxazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, indole, benzothiophene, or benzofuran.

In still another embodiment, R⁴ is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system,

wherein t is an integer 1 or 2, and each X, independently is C(R^(a))₂, O, S, or NR^(a). The bicyclic ring comprising the R⁴ subsituent typically is attached to the rest of the molecule by a phenyl ring carbon atom.

In another embodiment R⁴ is represented by an optionally substituted bicyclic ring

wherein t is 1 or 2, and X, independently, CH₂ or O. Especially preferred substituents include:

Within this particular group of compounds, nonlimiting examples of substituents for the bicyclic ring include halogen (e.g., chlorine), C₁₋₃alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl), OR^(a), (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, or hydroxy), CO₂R^(a), halomethyl or halomethoxy (e.g., trifuoromethyl or trifluoromethyoxy), cyano, nitro, and N(R^(a))₂.

Specific compounds falling within the scope of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the compounds described below under the heading “Examples.”

Particularly preferred compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:

wherein the variables R², R⁴, Ar, p, and q are as defined above with respect to Formula (I).

Additional, particularly preferred compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:

wherein the variables R², R⁴, p, Ar, and q are as defined above with respect to Formula (I).

Another set of preferred compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:

wherein p is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and R², R³, R⁴, Ar, and q are as defined above with respect to Formula (I).

Further preferred compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:

wherein R² and q are as defined above with respect to Formula (I); and R⁸ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl, R⁹ is H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyl-S—, or halo, and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₆alkyl or C₃₋₈cycloalkyl.

More specific diseases, disorders, and/or conditions for which compounds of Formula (I) may have activity include, but are not limited to, obesity, depression, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, a stress related disease (e.g., general anxiety disorder), panic disorder, a phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic-stress syndrome, immune system depression, a stress induced problem with the urinary, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular system (e.g., stress incontinence), neurodegenerative disorders, autism, chemotherapy-induced vomiting, hypertension, migraine headaches, cluster headaches, sexual dysfunction in a mammal (e.g., a human), addictive disorder and withdrawal syndrome, an adjustment disorder, an age-associated learning and mental disorder, anorexia nervosa, apathy, an attention-deficit disorder due to general medical conditions, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral disturbance (including agitation in conditions associated with diminished cognition, e.g., dementia, mental retardation or delirium), bipolar disorder, bulimia nervosa, chronic fatigue syndrome, conduct disorder, cyclothymic disorder, dysthymic disorder, fibromyalgia and other somatoform disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, an inhalation disorder, an intoxication disorder, movement disorder (e.g., Huntington's disease or Tardive Dyskinesia), oppositional defiant disorder, peripheral neuropathy, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a psychotic disorder (brief and long duration disorders and psychotic disorder due to medical condition), mood disorder (major depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features) seasonal affective disorder, a sleep disorder, a specific developmental disorder, agitation disorder, selective serotonin reuptake inhibition (SSRI) “poop out” syndrome or a Tic disorder (e.g., Tourette's syndrome).

Preferred diseases, disorders, and/or conditions for which compounds of Formula (I) have activity include anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimers disease, sleep disorders, obesity, a stress related disease, and withdrawal from drug abuse.

More preferred diseases, disorders, and/or conditions for which compounds of Formula (I) have activity include anxiety, depression, epilepsy, migraine, obesity, a stress related disease, and withdrawal from drug abuse.

The compounds of this invention can be prepared as outlined in FIGS. 1-26, together with synthetic methods known in the art or variations thereof as appreciated by those skilled in the art. These figures and reactions are described as follows:

Compounds of Formula (I), (7, 8, 9, or 10-) arylazepinoindoles (wherein R⁴=Ar), can be prepared by the reactions depicted in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, a (7, 8, 9, or 10-) bromoazepinoindole (1) is coupled with an arylboronic acid under Suzuki reaction conditions to afford an arylated azepinoindole (2). The final product (4) is generated either by direct basic hydrolysis of compound (2), or by hydrogenation of benzyl compound (3), which are obtained from compound (2) by reduction with a suitable reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride (LAH or LiAlH₄).

10-Arylazepinoindole compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared by the reactions depicted in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the benzoyl group of compound (1) is removed under basic conditions and a Boc group is introduced to afford compound (5). Coupling with bis(pinacolato)diboron under palladium catalysis gives the boron compound (6), which is used for the synthesis. A mixture of boron compound (6), an aryl bromide, palladium catalyst (e.g., Pd₂(dba)₃), and a base (e.g., Cs₂CO₃) in methanol and dioxane is shaken for about 48 hours at about 90° C. to generate compound (7). The mixtures are cooled overnight, treated with acidic resin at about 65° C., and then washed successively with suitable solvents such as water, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, and mixtures thereof. The resin is treated with ammonia and filtered. The filtrate is taken up to the vacuum and dried. The residue can be treated with a suitable acid solution, such as methanol/HCl solution, to give the salt form and/or purified by HPLC to yield the final product, a 10-arylazepinoindole (8).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R⁴=ArSO₂NH) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 3. Compound (1) is reduced with a suitable reducing agent such as LAH or aluminum chloride to yield a benzyl compound (9). Under Buchwald/Hartwig amination conditions, compound (9) is reacted with benzophenone imine to afford compound (10), which is treated with a suitable acid solution, such as THF/HCl solution, to generate the 10-aminoazepinoindole (11). Subsequent sulphonylation and reduction, e.g., hydrogenation, yields the final product (13).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R⁴=ArO) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 4. The aryloxy group is introduced on the indole ring by treating compound (1) with a substituted phenol in the presence of copper(I) oxide and cesium carbonate to generate compound (14). Reduction with a reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride and hydrogenation yields the final product (16).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R⁴=ArO(CH₂)_(n)CH₂) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 5. Sonogashira coupling of the aryl bromide (1) with propargyl alcohol, in pyrrolidine, using a suitable catalyst such as tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium(0) and copper(I) iodide affords the aryl alkyne (17). Exhaustive hydrogenation of the alkyne leads to the alkane (18). Using standard Mitsunobu reaction conditions, various phenols are reacted to provide the corresponding aryl ethers (19). Removal of the benzarnide functionality is accomplished through basic hydrolysis to give the final products (20) which can be trapped as their hydrochloride salts.

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=ArO(CH₂)_(n)) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 6 (wherein n=1-3). Protection of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (21) as the tert-butyl carbamate (22), followed by alkylation with a suitable alkylating agent, such as a haloester, leads to the protected ester (23). Reduction of the ester (23) affords the primary alcohol (24). Standard Mitsunobu reaction conditions leads to the aryl ether (25), which is deprotected and isolated as the appropriate salt of compound (26) using suitable acids.

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=ArO(CH₂)_(n)) also can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 7 (where n is 2 or 3). The tert-butyl carbamate protected azepinoindole (22) is alkylated with a suitable alkylating agent, such as bromochloropropane. Displacement with a substituted phenol affords compound (25), which then can be deprotected with acid to yield (28) as appropriate salts.

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=ArO(CH₂)_(n), R⁴=Br, H) also can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 8 (where n is 2 or 3). The tert-butyl carbamate protected 10-bromoazepinoindole (5) is alkylated with a suitable alkylating agent such as phenoxybromoalkane. Deprotection with acid affords compound (30) as appropriate salts. Hydrogenolysis of (29) generates the dehalogenated compound (25), which is deprotected with acid to generate (28) as appropriate salts.

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)CONHAr) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 9. The ester (23) is hydrolyzed, for example, with 1N NaOH in methanol, and the resulting acid (31) is condensed with a suitable aniline using coupling conditions such as diisopropylcarbodiimide and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in THF or EEDQ in THF or EtOH, to yield amide (32). The Boc protecting group is cleaved from the amide using a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the crude product can be treated with HCl in ether to yield the hydrochloride salt of (33).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)NHAr) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 10. Amide (32) is reduced with a suitable reducing agent, such as LAH in THF, to yield the corresponding secondary amine (34), which is in turn deprotected with an acid like TFA in CH₂Cl₂, to yield diamine (35).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)benzimidazole) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 11. Acid (31) is condensed with a substituted o-phenylenediarines using isobutyl chloroformate, triethylamine, and acetic acid in THF. Benzimidazole (36) is deprotected with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the crude product may be converted to the hydrochloride salt of (37) using a suitable acid solution, such as HCl in ethyl ether.

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)COOR^(a)) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 12. The acid (31) is condensed with an alcohol and the resulting ester (38) is deprotected using a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, to yield the amino ester (39).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)COOH) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 13. The acid (31) is treated with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the crude product may be combined with a suitable acid solution, such as HCl in ethyl ether, to yield hydrochloride salt of (40).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)CONR^(a)R^(b)) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 14. N-Boc azepinoindole (22) is alkylated with an N-substituted haloacetamide (e.g., iodoacetamide or 2-chloro-N,N-dimethylacetamide) using NaH in DMF. The resulting substituted azepinoindoles is deprotected with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the crude product may be treated with a suitable acid solution, such as HCl in ethyl ether, to form the hydrochloride salt of (42).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)SO₂Ar) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 15. N-Boc azepinoindole (22) is alkylated with a suitable alkylating agent such as chloroalkyl phenyl sulfone or chloroalkyl phenyl sulfoxide, in the presence of either a suitable basic solution, such as NaH in DMF, or under phase transfer conditions (e.g., Bu₄NHSO₄, KOH, H₂O, CH₂Cl₂) to yield an alkylated azepinoindole (43). The Boc protecting group is removed by treating the alkylated azepinoindole (43) with a suitable acid solution such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, to yield free amines (44).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)SAr) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 16. Alcohol (24) is treated with a suitable leaving group-containing compound such as methanesulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a suitable basic solution, such as triethylamine in CH₂Cl₂, to yield a mesylate (45). The mesylate (45) is treated with thiophenol, under phase transfer conditions (e.g., Bu₄NHSO₄, NaOH, H₂O, CH₂Cl₂) to yield a phenyl thioether (46). The phenyt thioether (46) is treated with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, to remove the Boc protecting group to give (47).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)NH₂) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 17. The mesylate (45) is treated with a suitable azide such as sodium azide in DMF, to yield an azide (48). This azide is reduced by catalytic hydrogenolysis (e.g., H₂, 10% Pd/C, ethyl acetate, ethanol) to yield an amine (49). The amine (49) is treated with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the resulting crude diamine can be treated with a suitable acid solution, such as HCl in ethyl ether, to yield the dihydrochloride salt of (50).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)NHCONHAr) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 18. The amine (49) is treated with aryl isocyanate in CH₂Cl₂ to yield urea (51). The urea (51) is treated with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the resulting crude amine ccan be treated with a suitable acid solution, such as HCl in ethyl ether, to yield hydrochloride salt of (52).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)NHCOAr) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 19. The amine (49) is treated with a suitable aroyl chloride, in the presence of a suitable basic solution, such as diisopropylethylamine in CH₂Cl₂, to yield an amide (53). The amide (53) is treated with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the resulting crude amine may be treated with a suitable acid solution, such as HCl in ethyl ether, to yield hydrochloride salt of (54).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R³=(CH₂)_(n)NHSO₂Ar) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 20. The amine (49) is treated with a suitable arylsulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a suitable basic solution, such as diisopropylethylamine in CH₂Cl₂, to yield sulfonamide (55). The sulfonamide (55) is treated with a suitable acid solution, such as TFA in CH₂Cl₂, and the resulting crude amine may be treated with a suitable acid solution, such as HCl in ethyl ether, to yield hydrochloride salt of (56).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R²=5,5-di-Me) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 21. The phthalimido-protected tryptaline (57) is reverse prenylated, using the procedures described by Depew et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12463) and Schkeryantz et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11964), to provide (58). Standard deprotection of (58) (e.g., NH₂NH₂, EtOH) provides (59). The amine group of (59) is re-protected (e.g., CbzCl) to provide (60). Oxidation of the vinyl group of (60) (e.g., OsO₄, NMO) provides diol (61), that is oxidatively cleaved (e.g., NaIO₄) to aldehyde (62). Mild catalytic hydrogenation of (62) accomplishes Cbz deprotection, that is followed by in situ intramolecular cyclization to the imine and imine reduction, to provide an amine (63), which may be formulated as the hydrochloride salt.

Compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 22. Acylation of 4-chloroindole (64) (oxalyl chloride, followed by an EtOH quench) provides an ethyl 4-chloroindole glyoxalate (65), which is reduced (e.g., LiAlH₄) to the 4-chloroindole-3-ethanol (66). Substitution of the alcohol (66) is achieved using a suitable azide, such as Zn(N₃)₂, under Mitsunobu reaction conditions to provide (67). Malonate addition to (67) is accomplished as described by Kuehne J. Org. Chem., 63, 9427 (1998), to provide a malonyl enolate (68). Alkylation of the malonyl enolate (68) with a suitable alkylating agent such as NaOMe and MeI, provides (69). The azide group of (69) is reduced (sequential addition of PMe₃ and H₂O) to provide an aminoester (70). The aminoester (70) undergoes intramolecular cyclization, providing lactam (71) upon reflux as a solution in MeOH. R^(a)cemate (71) is separated into the enantiomers (72) and (73) by chiral support chromatography. The assignment of the absolute configurations to (72) and (73) is made by x-ray crystallographic analysis. The lactam group of each enantiomer is separately reduced (BH₃) to provide amines (74) (from reduction of (72)) and (75) (from reduction of (73)), which may be formulated as the fumarate salts.

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein R⁴=7-F) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 23. Beginning with 6-fluoroindole (76), the preparation of intermediates (77), (78), (79), and (80) follows the methods described respectively for (65), (66), (67), and (68) (FIG. 22). The azido group of (80) is reduced by catalytic hydrogenation, and the resulting aminoester is subjected (without isolation) to thermal cyclization to provide (81). Reduction (e.g., BH₃) of the lactam of (81) provides an amine (82), which may be formulated as the fumarate salt.

Compounds of Formula (I) (R⁴=7-F) can be prepared by the reaction scheme depicted in FIG. 24. According to the reaction sequence of FIG. 23, alkylation of the malonyl enolate of (80), as described previously for the preparation of (69), provides (83). Racemate (83) is separated into the enantiomers (84) and (85) by chiral support chromatography. The assignment of the absolute configurations to (84) and (85) is made by correlation of their CD spectra to those of (72) and (73). The lactam group of each enantiomer is separately reduced with a suitable reducing agent such as BH₃, to provide amines (86) (from reduction of (84)) and (87) (from reduction of (85)), which may be formulated as the fumarate salts.

As shown in FIG. 25, compounds of Formula (I) may also be prepared starting with the corresponding nitrobenzenes (96), benzoic acids (97) or anilines (98), many of which are commercially available or known in the scientific literature, or can be prepared by general procedures known to those skilled in the art (for examples, see Larock, R. C., Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 2^(nd) edition, 1999, Wiley-VCH Publishers, New York). For example, reduction of the nitro group using a variety of conditions or reagents such as SnCl₂ in acid, LAH, sodium borohydride, hydrazine, or hydrogen in the presence of appropriate catalysts such as palladium, platinum, nickel, etc (see Hudlicky, M. “Reductions in Organic Chemistry”, 1984, Ellis Horwood, Ltd., Chichester, UK) gives the corresponding anilines (98). Alternatively, benzoic acids (97) can be converted to the corresponding anilines (98) via reactions known to those in the art, such as the Curtius reaction, (for examples, see Larock, R. C., Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 2^(nd) edition, 1999, Wiley-VCH Publishers, New York, 868-869). Conversion of these anilines to the corresponding phenylhydrazines (99) can be accomplished through the well-known nitrosation/reduction sequence (e.g., treatment of (98) with NaNO₂ under acidic conditions, such as HOAc, followed by reduction of the resulting N-nitrosoamine with agents such as lithium aluminum hydride or zinc and an organic acid such as acetic or trifluoracetic acid). Reaction of (99) with ketones, such as 1-benzoylazepan-4-one, under Fisher-indole cyclization conditions as described, for example, in “Indoles Best Synthetic Methods” (Academic Press, 1999, San Diego, Calif.) produces azepinoindoles (100). These compounds can be treated as described above to give azepinoindoles (88) and (89).

Compounds of Formula (I), (7, 8, 9, or 10-) arylazepinoindoles (wherein R⁴=NR^(a)R^(b)), can be prepared by the reactions depicted in FIG. 26. As shown in FIG. 26, a (7, 8, 9, or 10-) bromoazepinoindole (116) is coupled with an amine via palladium catalysis (for example, see Buchwald et al, J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 1158-1174). When R³=H, the final product (119) is generated by deprotection of compound (117) using the methods described above. Alternatively, various R³ groups can be installed using the methods described above to give compound (118), which is then deprotected.

The phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” or “a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof” refer to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable acids or bases, including organic and inorganic acids and bases. Salts can be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable acids. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained using standard procedures known by those skilled in the art, for example by reacting a sufficiently basic compound, such as an amine, with a suitable acid affording a physiologically acceptable anion. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic (besylate), benzoic, p-bromophenylsulfonic, camphorsulfonic, carbonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodic, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic (mesylate), mucic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic, and the like. Examples of such pharmaceutically acceptable salts, thus, include, but are not limited to, acetate, benzoate, β-hydroxybutyrate, bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyne-1,4-dioate, carpoate, chloride, chlorobenzoate, citrate, dihydrogenphosphate, dinitrobenzoate, fumarate, glycollate, heptanoate, hexyne-1,6-dioate, hydroxybenzoate, iodide, lactate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, metaphosphate, methanesulfonate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, naphthalene-1-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, oxalate, phenylbutyrate, phenylproionate, phosphate, phthalate, phylacetate, propanesulfonate, propiolate, propionate, pyrophosphate, pyrosulfate, sebacate, suberate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, sulfonate, tartrate, xylene sulfonate, and the like. The compounds of the Formula (I) also can provide pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, in particular alkali metal (e.g., sodium, potassium, magnesium, or lithium) salts and alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium) salts, with bases.

Compounds of Formula (I) are useful in treating diseases, disorders, and conditions of the central nervous system occurring in mammals. Typically, the mammal is a human being, but the inventive compounds can be used to treat other animals such as livestock, pets, or other animals.

It is to be understood that “a compound of Formula (I),” or a pharmaceutically acceptable (acidic or basic) salt or solvate (i.e., hydrate) thereof, can be administered as the neat compound, or as a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound in combination with a suitable excipient. Such pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared by methods and contain excipients which are known by those skilled in the art. A generally recognized compendium of such methods and ingredients is Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences by E. W. Martin (Mark Publ. Co., 15th Ed., 1975), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In cases where a compound is sufficiently basic or acidic to form a stable pharmaceutically acceptable salt, administration of the compounds as a salt may be preferred.

The compounds of this invention can be administered in oral unit dosage forms, such as aerosol sprays, buccal tablets, capsules, elixirs, pills, sachets, suspensions, syrups, tablets, troches, wafers, and the like. The compounds also can be administered parenterally, (e.g., subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, or by intraperitoneal injection), using forms known in the pharmaceutical art. The compounds further can be administered rectally or vaginally, in such forms as suppositories or bougies, transdermally, such as with a “patch” containing active ingredient, or nasally (i.e., by inhalation).

In general, the preferred route of administration of a present compound is oral. For oral administration, the active compound can be combined with one or more excipients and used in the form of ingestible aerosol sprays, buccal tablets, capsules, elixirs, pills, sachets, suspensions, syrups, tablets, troches, wafers, and the like. Such compositions and preparations typically contain at least 0.1% of active compound. The percentage of the compounds in these preparations can be varied, e.g., about 0.01 to about 60% of the weight of a given unit dosage form. The amount of active compound in such orally administered compositions is sufficient to provide an effective dosage level.

The aerosol sprays, buccal tablets, capsules, elixirs, pills, sachets, suspensions, syrups, tablets, troches, wafers, and the like also can contain one or more binders, diluents disintegrating agents, excipients, lubricants, sweetening agents, or flavoring agents. Suitable binders include, for example, gum arabic, tragacanth, acacia, polyvinylpyrrolidone, corn starch, methylcellulose, or gelatin. Suitable diluents include, for example, lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and cellulose. Suitable disintegrating agents include, for example, starches, alginic acid, and alginates. Suitable excipients include dicalcium phosphate. Suitable lubricants include, for example, silica, talc, stearic acid, magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycols. Suitable wetting agents include, for example, lecithin, polysorbates, and laurylsulfates. Generally, any effervescing agents, dyestuffs, and/or sweeteners known by those of ordinary skill in the art can be used in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition. For example, suitable sweetening agents include sucrose, fructose, lactose or aspartame, and suitable flavoring agents include peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring. The aforementioned ingredients are merely representative and one skilled in the art can envision other binders, excipients, sweetening agents, and the like.

When the unit dosage form is a capsule, it can contain, in addition to ingredients of the above type, a liquid carrier (e.g., vegetable oil or a polyethylene glycol). Various other ingredients can be present as coatings or to otherwise modify the physical form of the solid unit dosage form. For instance, tablets, pills, or capsules may be coated with gelatin, wax, shellac, or sugar, and the like. A syrup or elixir can contain the active compound, sucrose or fructose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propyl parabens as preservatives, a dye and flavoring, such as cherry or orange flavor. Any material used in preparing any unit dosage form should be pharmaceutically acceptable and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed. In addition, the active compound can be incorporated into sustained-release preparations and devices including, but not limited to, those relying on osmotic pressures to obtain a desired release profile (e.g., the OROS drug delivery devices as designed and developed by Alza Corporation, Mountain View, Calif.).

Orally administered compositions can be prepared by any method that includes the step of bringing the active compound into intimate association with a carrier, which constitutes one or more necessary or desirable ingredients. Generally, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers, finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into a desired form.

For example, a tablet can be prepared by compression or molding techniques, optionally, using one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing the active ingredient in a suitable machine into a free-flowing form, such as a powder or granules. Thereafter, the compressed, free-flowing form optionally can be mixed with binders, diluents, lubricants, disintegrating agents, effervescing agents, dyestuffs, sweeteners, wetting agents, and non-toxic and pharmacologically inactive substances typically present in pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical composition can contain about 5 to about 95%, and preferably about 25 to about 90%, of a compound of the present invention. Molded tablets can be made by molding a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent in a suitable machine.

Oral administration is the most convenient route of administration and avoids the disadvantages associated with other routes of administration. For patients suffering from a swallowing disorder or from impairment of drug absorption after oral administration, the drug can be administered by other methods, such as parenterally, rectally or vaginally, transdermally, and nasally.

Parenteral administration is performed by preparing the composition containing the active compound. Solutions of the active compound or its salts can be prepared in water, optionally mixed with a nontoxic surfactant. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, triacetin, and mixtures thereof and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.

Pharmaceutical dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration (e.g., subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, or by intraperitoneal injection or infusion) can include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions or sterile powders comprising the active ingredient which are adapted for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable or infusible solutions or dispersions, optionally encapsulated in liposomes. In all cases, the ultimate dosage form should be sterile, fluid, and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.

The liquid carrier or vehicle can be a solvent or liquid dispersion medium comprising, for example, water, ethanol, a polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and the like), vegetable oils, nontoxic glyceryl esters, and suitable mixtures thereof. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the formation of liposomes, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, or by the use of surfactants. The prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it is preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, buffers, or sodium chloride. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be achieved by use of agents that delay absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filter sterilization. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and the freeze drying techniques, which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient present in the previously sterile-filtered solutions. Sterilization of the powders also can be accomplished through irradiation and aseptic crystallization methods known to persons skilled in the art.

For parenteral administration, the active compounds are presented in aqueous solution in a concentration of about 0.1 to about 10%, more preferably about 0.1 to about 7%, by weight. The solution can contain other ingredients, such as emulsifiers, antioxidants, or buffers.

For topical administration, the present compounds can be applied in neat form, e.g., when the compound is a liquid. However, it is desirable to administer the compounds to the skin as compositions in combination with a dermatologically acceptable carrier, which can be a solid, semi-solid, or a liquid. Useful solid carriers include, but are not limited to, finely divided solids such as talc, clay, microcrystalline cellulose, silica, alumina, and the like. Useful liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, alcohols, glycols, and water-alcohol/glycol blends, in which the present compounds can be dissolved or dispersed at effective levels, optionally with the aid of a surfactant. Adjuvants, such as fragrances and additional antimicrobial agents, can be added to optimize the properties for a given use. The resultant liquid compositions can be applied topically by absorbent pads, used to impregnate bandages and other dressings, or sprayed onto the affected area using pump-type or aerosol sprayers.

For administration by inhalation, compounds of the present invention can be delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant. In the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit can be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges for use in an inhaler or insufflator can be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base, such as lactose or starch.

Compounds of the present invention also can be formulated in rectal compositions, such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases. In addition to the formulations described previously, the compounds also can be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long-acting formulations can be administered by implantation (for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the compounds can be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example, as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.

Generally, compounds of the invention are serotonin receptor (5-HT) ligands. The ability of a compound of the invention to act as a 5-HT receptor agonist, partial agonist, or antagonist can be determined using in vitro and in vivo assays that are known in the art. The invention provides compounds of Formula (I) that act as either agonists, partial agonists, or as antagonists of one or more 5-HT receptor subtypes.

As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treatment,” and “treating,” extend to prophylaxis, in other words “prevent,” “prevention,” and “preventing,” lowering, stopping, or reversing the progression or severity of the condition or symptoms being treated. As such, the term “treatment” includes both medical therapeutic and/or prophylactic administration, as appropriate. The terms “prevent,” “prevention,” and “preventing” refer to an administration of the pharmaceutical composition to a person who has in the past suffered from the aforementioned diseases, disorders, or conditions, such as migraine headaches, but is not suffering from the diseases, disorders, or conditions at the time of the composition's administration.

Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use in the present invention include those wherein the active ingredient is administered in an effective amount to achieve its intended purpose. More specifically, a “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount effective to treat the disease, disorder, and/or condition. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capability of persons skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein.

A “therapeutically effective dose” refers to that amount of the compound that results in achieving the desired treatment (or effect). Therapeutic efficacy of such compounds can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD₅₀ (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED₅₀ (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dosage can vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, and the route of administration utilized.

The dosage regimen and amount for treating patients with the compounds of this invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including, for example, the type, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the patient, the severity of the condition, and the route of administration. An ordinarily skilled physician or psychiatrist can readily determine and prescribe an effective amount of the compound to prevent or arrest the progress of the condition. In so proceeding, the physician or psychiatrist can employ relatively low initial dosages and subsequently increasing the dose until a maximum response is obtained.

The compound is administered in unit dosage form, for example, containing about 0.05 to about 500 mg, preferably about 0.1 to about 250 mg, and more preferably about 1 to about 150 mg, of active ingredient per unit dosage form. The desired dose can be presented in a single dose, or as divided doses administered at appropriate intervals, for example, as two, three, four or more sub-doses per day. The sub-dose itself can be further divided, e.g., into a number of discrete loosely spaced administrations.

The compositions can be administered orally, sublingually, transdermally, or parenterally at dose levels of about 0.01 to about 150 mg/kg, preferably about 0.1 to about 50 mg/kg, and more preferably about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg of mammal body weight.

The exact regimen for administration of the compounds and compositions disclosed herein necessarily depends upon the needs of the individual subject being treated, the patient type (i.e., human or animal), the type of treatment and, of course, the judgment of the attending practitioner or physician. In practice, the physician determines the actual dosing regimen which is most suitable for an individual patient, and the dosage varies with the age, weight, and response of the particular patient. The above dosages are exemplary of the average case, but there can be individual instances in which higher or lower dosages are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention.

Specifically, for administration to a human in the curative or prophylactic treatment of the diseases, disorders, and conditions identified above, oral dosages of a compound of Formula (I) generally are about 0.5 to about 1000 mg daily for an average adult patient (70 kg). Thus, for a typical adult patient, individual tablets or capsules contain 0.2 to 500 mg of active compound, in a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or carrier, for administration in single or multiple doses, once or several times per day. Dosages for intravenous, buccal, or sublingual administration typically are 0.1 to 500 mg per single dose as required.

For veterinary use, a compound of Formula (I), or a nontoxic salt thereof, is administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice. The veterinarian can readily determine the dosing regimen and route of administration that is most appropriate for a particular animal.

In a particular embodiment, the invention includes a pharmaceutical composition for the curative or prophylactic treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions, where modulation of 5-HT receptor function is desired, the composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of treating the above-noted diseases, disorders, and conditions in a human or mammal body which comprises administering to said body a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in medical therapy or diagnosis.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the use of a compound of Formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of the above-noted diseases, conditions, and disorders.

EXAMPLES

The following examples and preparations are provided to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The following abbreviations, and others known to those skilled in the art, are used hereafter in the accompanying examples: μM (micromolar), Bn (benzyl), Bz (benzoyl), cm (centimeter), CH₂Cl₂ (dichloromethane), DIC (diisopropylcarbodiimide), DMAP (4-dimethylamino-pyridine), DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), LAH (lithium aluminum hydride), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), Et₃N (triethylamine), EtOAc (ethyl acetate), g (gram), IR (infrared), KBr (potassium bromide), mp (melting point), MeOH (methanol), MgSO₄ (magnesium sulfate), MHz (megahertz), h (hour), min (minute), mL (milliliter), mmol (millimole), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), psi (pounds per square inch), and THF (tetrahydrofuran).

Preparation 1 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-7-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.517 g, 1.40 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.77 g, 5.60 mmol), phenylboronic acid (0.194 g, 1.54 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.16 g, 0.14 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (7.0 mL) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (7.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered through Celite and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to give an oil, which was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10-50% EtOAc/heptane) to afford 0.44 g (86%) of the title compound as a solid: mp 198-200° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.10, 7.67-7.60, 7.55-7.4, 7.47-7.33, 7.18-7.14, 4.04-3.96, 3.72-3.63, 3.20-3.12, 2.93-2.80; IR (drift) 3258, 1602, 1464, 1430, 1327, 1295, 1239, 1185, 930, 761, 749, 740, 711, 703, 696 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 366 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₂N₂O+H: 367.1810, found: 367.1805; Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₂N₂O: C, 81.94; H, 6.05; N, 7.64. Found: C, 81.37; H, 6.12; N, 7.57.

Preparation 2 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-8-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-8-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.48 g, 4.00 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.46 g, 0.40 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (10.0 mL) and a solution of phenylboronic acid (0.60 g, 4.80 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (10.0 mL) and sodium carbonate (2 M, 12.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Preparation 1 to give a brown foam. Column chromatography (silica gel, 20-50% EtOAc/heptane) afforded 0.53 g (36%) of the title compound as a solid: mp 213-232° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13, 7.61, 7.44-7.40, 7.34-7.29, 4.07-3.98, 3.70-3.63, 3.21-3.13, 2.92-2.83; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 171.7, 142.3, 137.0, 135.9, 135.3, 134.9, 129.3, 128.7, 128.6, 128.3, 127.3, 126.5, 126.4, 119.3, 117.7, 110.3, 109.0, 51.4, 45.8, 29.1, 26.2; IR (drift) 3262, 1602, 1466, 1432, 1323, 1291, 1243, 811, 781, 763, 751, 743, 707, 699, 627 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 366 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₂N₂O+H: 367.1810, found: 367.1813; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₂N₂O: C, 81.94; H, 6.05; N, 7.64. Found: C, 81.43; H, 6.20; N, 7.42.

Preparation 3 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-9-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.477 g, 4.00 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.462 g, 0.40 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (15.0 mL) and a solution of phenylboronic acid (0.585 g, 4.80 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (5.0 mL) and sodium carbonate (2 M, 12.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Preparation 1. Column chromatography (silica gel, 60% EtOAc/hexane) afforded 0.817 g (56%) of the title compound as a solid: mp 78-79° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.10-7.85, 7.71-7.57, 7.43-7.29, 7.18-7.05, 4.16-4.04, 3.70-3.65, 3.20-3.05, 2.95-2.80; MS (ESI+) m/z 367 (M⁺+H).

Preparation 4 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.738 g, 2.0 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.23 g, 0.20 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (5.0 mL) and a solution of 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (0.365 g, 2.4 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (5.0 mL) and sodium carbonate solution (2 M, 7.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Preparation 1. Column chromatography (silica gel, 20-60% EtOAc/heptane) afforded 0.29 g (37%) of the title compound as a yellow foam: mp 140-145° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.92, 7.59-7.49, 7.43, 7.37-7.30, 7.03-6.94, 4.09-3.98, 3.85, 3.75-3.65, 3.25-3.14, 2.95-2.85.

Preparation 5 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.517 g, 1.40 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.77 g, 5.60 mmol), phenylboronic acid (0.194 g, 1.54 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.16 g, 0.14 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (7.0 mL) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (7.0 mL) reacted in a manner similar to Preparation 1. Column chromatography (silica gel, 10-50% EtOAc/heptane) afforded 0.49 g (95%) of the title compound as a solid: mp 223-226° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.25, 7.57-7.23, 7.18-7.12, 6.98-6.89, 4.02-3.93, 3.76-3.67, 3.65-3.56, 3.43-3.35, 3.18-3.12, 2.90-2.83, 2.66-2.58, 2.43-2.34; IR (drift) 3231, 3203, 1602, 1501, 1468, 1433, 1352, 1336, 1249, 786, 758, 746, 740, 706, 700 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 366 (M⁺); Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₂N₂O: C, 81.94; H, 6.05; N, 7.64. Found: C, 81.75; H, 6.07; N, 7.61.

Preparation 6 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.738 g, 2.0 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.23 g, 0.20 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (5.0 mL) and a solution of 2-fluorophenylboronic acid (0.336 g, 2.4 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (5.0 mL) and sodium carbonate (2 M, 7.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Preparation 1. Column chromatography (silica gel, 20-50% EtOAc/heptane) afforded 0.33 g (43%) of the title compound as a solid: mp 241-244° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.20, 8.04, 7.31, 7.15, 7.04, 3.96, 3.83, 3.62, 3.42, 3.14, 2.84, 2.71-2.69, 2.47, 2.31; IR (drift) 3236, 1603, 1501, 1485, 1469, 1456, 1434, 1249, 1217, 795, 786, 759, 746, 733, 706 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 384 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₁FN₂O+H: 385.1716, found: 385.1721; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₁FN₂O: C, 78.10; H, 5.51; N, 7.29. Found: C, 77.61; H, 5.60; N, 7.14.

Preparation 7 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl -10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.923 g, 2.5 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)paliadium (0.29 g, 0.25 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (10.0 mL) and a solution of 3,5-difluorophenylboronic acid (0.95 g of a 50% by weight solution in THF/H₂O, 3.0 mmol) and sodium carbonate (2 M, 12.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Preparation 1. Column chromatography (silica gel, 1-5% MeOH/CHC₁₋₃) afforded 1.03 g (100%) of a white solid: mp 198-201° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.32, 7.40-7.28, 7.14, 6.98-6.80, 6.80-6.70, 4.04-3.94, 3.83-3.73, 3.65-3.58, 3.60-3.50, 3.20-3.13, 2.94-2.84, 2.71-2.60, 2.45-2.36; IR (drift) 3235, 3211, 1607, 1466, 1431, 1336, 1291, 1117, 984, 864, 789, 751, 737, 704, 698 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 402 (M⁺); Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₀F₂N₂O: C, 74.61; H, 5.01; N, 6.96. Found: C, 74.57; H, 5.05; N, 6.99.

Example 1 Preparation of 3-benzyl-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

To a solution of lithium aluminum hydride (1.27 g, 33.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10.0 mL) was added a solution of 3-benzoyl-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.27 g, 3.46 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25.0 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (1.3 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide solution (1.3 mL) and water (3.9 mL) were added sequentially and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Celite was added and the mixture was filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 1.12 g (92%) of the title compound: mp 78-79° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.92, 7.62, 7.51-7.26, 7.19-7.11, 3.83, 3.00-2.90; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 139.5, 139.3, 136.5, 132.4, 129.4, 129.1, 128.9, 128.3, 128.2, 127.2, 127.0, 124.8, 121.0, 119.8, 117.0, 113.3, 60.7, 55.7, 53.8, 28.6, 24.0; IR (drift) 2933, 2913, 2907, 2885, 2813, 1458, 1367, 1345, 1336, 1325, 796, 760, 745, 730, 700 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 352 (M⁺); Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₄N₂: C, 85.19; H, 6.86; N, 7.95. Found: C, 85.00; H, 6.89; N, 7.93.

Example 2 Preparation of 3-benzyl-8-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of lithium alunmnum hydride (1.40 g, 36.9 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15.0 mL) and a solution of 3-benzoyl-8-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.40 g, 3.82 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30.0 mL) at 0° C. were reacted in a manner similar to Example 1 to give an oil. Column chromatography (silica gel, 20-30% EtOAc/heptane) afforded 1.22 g (90%) of the title compound as a white solid: mp 176-177° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.74, 7.63-7.61, 7.48, 7.45-7.40, 7.36, 3.84, 3.00-2.92; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 142.5, 139.3, 136.9, 135.2, 134.5, 128.9, 128.6, 128.5, 128.3, 127.3, 127.0, 126.4, 119.1, 117.8, 112.8, 108.8, 60.7, 55.7, 53.8, 28.6, 23.9; IR (drift) 3385, 3371, 1467, 1344, 1328, 1120, 1027, 870, 820, 765, 756, 750, 735, 728, 698 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 352 (M⁺); Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₄N₂: C, 85.19; H, 6.86; N, 7.95. Found: C, 85.24; H, 6.89; N, 8.05.

Example 3 Preparation of 3-benzyl-9-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of lithium aluminum hydride (0.17 g, 4.45 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3.0 mL) and a solution of 3-benzoyl-9-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.17 g, 0.46 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) at 0° C. were reacted in a manner similar to Example 1 to give an oil. Column chromatography (silica gel, 10-50% EtOAc/heptane) afforded 0.113 g (71%) of the title compound as an oil. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.05, 7.66-7.57, 7.49, 7.45-7.30, 7.13-7.04, 3.98, 3.18-2.97; MS (EI) m/z 366 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₄N₂+H: 353.2018, found: 353.2021.

Example 4 Preparation of 3-benzyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of lithium aluminum hydride (0.26 g, 6.86 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) and a solution of 3-benzoyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.257 g, 0.65 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Example 1 to give 0.26 g (100%) of the title compound as a white crystalline solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.79, 7.58-7.54, 7.46-7.31, 6.97, 3.89, 3.85, 3.10-2.94.

Example 5 Preparation of 3-benzyl-10-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of lithium aluminum hydride (0.73 g, 19.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10.0 mL) and a solution of 3-benzoyl-10-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.73 g, 2.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20.0 mL) at 0° C. were reacted in a manner similar to Example 1 to give 0.67 g (96%) of the title compound as a white crystalline solid: mp 161-163° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.83, 7.43-7.23, 7.14-7.10, 6.91, 3.70, 2.93-2.90, 2.86-2.83, 2.65-2.62, 2.42-2.40; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 142.0, 139.3, 137.2, 135.0, 134.7, 129.7, 128.9, 128.2, 127.6, 126.9, 126.6, 126.0, 121.6, 120.6, 113.6, 109.5, 61.8, 55.8, 53.4, 28.5, 25.9; IR (drift) 3407, 2810, 1454, 1377, 1347, 1334, 1319, 1175, 1120, 932, 785, 762, 754, 742, 700 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 352 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₄N₂+H: 353.2018, found: 353.2039; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₄N₂: C, 85.19; H, 6.86; N, 7.95. Found: C, 84.83; H, 6.94; N, 7.83.

Example 6 Preparation of 3-benzyl-10-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of lithium aluminum hydride (0.25 g, 6.59 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) and a solution of 3-benzoyl-10-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.247 g, 0.642 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Example 1 to give 0.15 g (63%) of the title compound as pale yellow crystals: mp 157-159° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.86, 7.37-7.24, 7.18-7.10, 6.91, 3.72, 3.00-2.90, 2.75-2.61, 2.57-2.48, 2.42-2.33; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 161.9, 159.4, 137.6, 135.3, 132.5, 130.0, 129.3, 128.7, 128.0, 127.5, 127.0, 124.1, 122.4, 121.0, 115.7, 115.4, 114.1, 110.7, 62.0, 56.1, 53.9, 28.8, 24.9; IR (drift) 3405, 2887, 2811, 1485, 1453, 1418, 1346, 1335, 1221, 1121, 924, 817, 782, 757, 740 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) mrz 370 (M⁺); Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₃FN₂: C, 81.05; H, 6.26; N, 7.56. Found: C, 80.82; H, 6.35; N, 7.47.

Example 7 Preparation of 3-benzyl-10-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of lithium aluminum hydride (0.60 g, 15.82 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) and a solution of 3-benzoyl-10-(3,5-difluoro)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.64 g, 1.59 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) were reacted in a manner similar to Example 1 to give 0.20 g (32%) of the title compound as white crystals: mp 172-175° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.88, 7.37-7.23, 7.11, 6.95-6.93, 6.88, 6.81-6.75, 3.73, 2.95-2.92, 2.88-2.84, 2.70-2.67, 2.46-2.43; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 163.3, 161.1, 145.4, 139.2, 137.8, 135.0, 132.2, 128.9, 128.7, 128.3, 127.0, 125.7, 121.3, 120.6, 113.2, 112.8, 112.5, 110.4, 61.9, 55.8, 53.4, 28.6, 26.0; IR (drift) 3405, 1619, 1590, 1455, 1350, 1334, 1117, 983, 865, 841, 793, 775, 755, 734, 700 cm⁻¹; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₂F₂N₂: C, 77.30; H, 5.71; N, 7.21. Found: C, 77.29; H, 5.81; N, 7.18.

Example 8 Preparation of 7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzyl-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.02 g, 2.89 mmol), glacial acetic acid (2 drops) and Pd/C (10%, 0.6 g) in ethanol (150 mL) was placed on a Parr hydrogenator under 50 psi of hydrogen and shaken for 10 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered through Celite and concentrated in vacuo to give 0.97 g of a brown oil. Column chromatography (silica gel, 10% MeOH/CHCl₃+1% NH₄OH) gave 0.58 g (76%) of a brown foam: mp 143-174° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.99, 7.64-7.61, 7.52-7.44, 7.40-7.36, 7.19-7.12, 3.12-3.06, 2.95-2.90; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 139.5, 136.6, 132.4, 129.5, 129.1, 128.3, 127.3, 124.9, 121.0, 119.8, 117.0, 113.4, 50.4, 48.7, 32.9, 28.1; IR (drift) 3052, 3028, 2923, 2827, 1485, 1460, 1430, 1409, 1332, 1320, 1180, 795, 760, 743, 702 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 262 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₈H₁₈N₂+H: 263.1548, found: 263.1543; Anal. Calcd for C₁₈H₁₈N₂.0.25C₂H₄O₂: C, 180.11; H, 6.90; N, 10.10. Found: C, 79.80; H, 6.97; N, 10.17.

Example 9 Preparation of 8-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzyl-8-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.07 g, 3.0 mmol), glacial acetic acid (2 drops) and Pd/C (10%, 0.6 g) in ethanol (150 mL) was reacted in a manner similar to Example 8 to give 0.40 g (51%) of the title compound as a tan crystalline solid: mp 220-222° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.41, 7.61-7.59, 7.46, 7.42-7.38, 7.28-7.22, 3.04-3.01, 2.96-2.94, 2.87-2.84; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 142.4, 138.2, 135.3, 133.0, 128.5, 128.4, 126.8, 126.0, 117.9, 117.5, 111.8, 108.8, 50.5, 48.8, 32.5, 28.0; IR (drift) 3305, 2929, 2918, 2893, 2827, 1468, 1324, 1242, 869, 814, 787, 762, 753, 743, 700 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 262 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₈H₁₈N₂+H: 263.1548, found: 263.1543; Anal. Calcd for C₁₈H₁₈N₂.0.1 C₂H₄O₂: C, 81.46; H, 6.91; N, 10.44. Found: C, 81.11; H, 7.01; N, 10.35.

Example 10 Preparation of 9-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzyl-9-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.22 g, 0.62 mmol), glacial acetic acid (2 drops) and Pd/C (10%, 0.15 g) in ethanol (50.0 mL) was reacted in a manner similar to Example 8 to give 0.13 g of an oil. Column chromatography (silica gel, 10-20% MeOH/CHCl₃+1% NH₄OH) gave an oil which precipitated from chloroform as a solid. Filtration gave 0.019 g (12%) of the title compound as a yellow-orange solid: mp>250° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.69-7.63, 7.41, 7.34, 7.29-7.23, 3.38-3.24, 3.20-3.07; MS (EI) m/z 262 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₈H₁₈N₂+H: 263.1548, found: 263.1550.

Example 11 Preparation of 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

A mixture of 3-benzyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.22 g, 0.62 mmol), 1 N hydrochloric acid (0.65 mL, 0.65 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, 0.24 g) in ethanol (50.0 mL) was reacted in a manner similar to Example 8 to give 0.168 g (80%) of a greenish solid: mp 258-260° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.08, 9.62, 7.64, 7.59, 7.31, 6.99, 3.79, 3.37-3.27, 3.22-3.12; IR (drift) 2986, 2957, 2921, 2893, 2829, 2752, 1514, 1476, 1456, 1273, 1250, 1239, 1180, 836, 800 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 292 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₉H₂₀N₂O+H: 293.1654, found: 293.1651; Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₀N₂O.HCl: C, 69.40; H, 6.44; N, 8.52. Found: C, 68.37; H, 6.53; N, 8.27.

Example 12 Preparation of 10-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzyl-10-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.22 g, 0.62 mmol), glacial acetic acid (2 drops) and Pd/C (10%, 0.11 g) in ethanol (50.0 mL) was reacted in a manner similar to Example 8 to give 0.198 g (90%) of a brown foam. Crystallization from ethyl acetate gave 0.030 g of the title compound as a beige solid: mp>250° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.97, 7.48-7.36, 7.16, 6.94, 3.12-3.08, 3.02-2.98, 2.87-2.83, 2.47-2.43; IR (drift) 3053, 3025, 2927, 2895, 2833, 1458, 1428, 1415, 1335, 1292, 1262, 790, 760, 751, 703 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 262 (M⁺); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₈H₁₈N₂+H: 263.1548, found 263.1550.

Example 13 Preparation of 10-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

A mixture of 3-benzyl-10-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.11 g, 0.30 mmol), 1 N hydrochloric acid (0.3 mL, 0.3 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, 0.2 g) in ethanol (50.0 mL) was reacted in a manner similar to Example 8 to give 0.017 g of the title compound as a pale green solid: mp>259° C. (dec.); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.29, 9.29, 7.51-7.41, 7.39-7.25, 7.08, 6.77, 3.33-3.20, 3.20-3.09, 3.09-2.99, 2.63-2.50; MS (EI) m/z 294 (M⁺).

Example 14 Preparation of 10-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

A mixture of 3-benzyl-10-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.35 g, 0.90 mmol), 1 N hydrochloric acid (0.9 mL, 0.9 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, 0.5 g) in ethanol (50 mL) was reacted in a manner similar to Example 8 to give 0.14 g of the title compound as a cream-colored solid: m p >267° C. (dec.); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.42, 9.57, 7.37, 7.30-7.25, 7.11-7.07, 6.84, 6.78-6.76, 3.35-3.27, 3.25-3.18, 3.16-3.08, 2.63-2.56; IR (drift) 3259, 2956, 2861, 2811, 2778, 2699, 2641, 2455, 1622, 1591, 1458, 1332, 1113, 985, 749cm⁻¹; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₈H₁₆F₂N₂+H: 299.1360, found: 299.1369.

Preparation 8 Preparation of 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

In a 500 mL round-bottomed flask, a mixture of 3-benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (13.59 g, 36.80 mmol), potassium hydroxide (10.32 g, 184.0 mmol), and ethylene glycol (200.0 mL) were heated at 140° C. overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. , then dioxane (500.0 mL) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (9.64 g, 44.16 mmol) were added and stirred at room temperature overnight. Dioxane was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting mixture was partitioned between chloroform and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform (2×) and the combined organic layers was dried (MgSO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 20-30% EtOAc/hexane) to give 12.74 g (95%) of a yellow solid: mp 223-225° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.99, 7.23-7.19, 6.92, 3.77-3.65, 3.56-3.47, 3.05-2.96; IR (drift) 3263, 1664, 1468, 1439, 1416, 1367, 1352, 1332, 1300, 1190, 1170, 1162, 1115, 769, 737 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 364 (M⁺); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₁₇H₂₁BrN₂O₂: 364.0787, found: 364.0794; Anal. Calcd for C₁₇H₂₁BrN₂O₂: C, 55.90; H, 5.80; N, 7.67. Found: C, 55.93; H, 5.81; N, 7.66.

Preparation 9 Preparation of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-10-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of dicloro[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloromethane adduct (4.83 g, 6.6 mmol), acetic acid potassium salt (6.5 g, 66.0 mmol), and bis(pinacolato)diboron (6.14 g, 24.2 mmol) was flushed with nitrogen, and then dimethyl sulfoxide (125.0 mL) and 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (8.03 g, 22.0 mmol) were added. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 18 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The combined ethyl acetate solution was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 1-3% MeOH/CHCl₃) to give 5.58 g (62%) of the title compound as a white solid: mp 186-188° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.85, 7.49, 7.34, 7.10, 3.75-3.60, 3.33-3.20, 3.06-2.95.

Compounds identified in Examples 15-46 were prepared according to the following protocol (See FIG. 2):

-   1. Pinacol boronate (5.10 g, 12.4 mmol)) and     1,1′-bisdiphenylphosphine ferrocene (DPPF, 0.05 eq, 0.35 g, 0.62     mmol) were dissolved in 10% methanol in dioxane (degassed with     argon) to a 100 mL volume. -   2. Similarly, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd₂dba₃, 0.03     eq, 0.34 g, 0.37 mmol) was dissolved in 10% methanol in dioxane     (degassed with argon) to a 50 mL volume. -   3. Cesium carbonate (1.5 eq, 0.12 g, 0.34 mmol) was weighed into     labeled, 20 mL vials, and stored at room temperature overnight. A 4     mm glass bead and the appropriate aryl bromides (˜3 eq) were added     to the vials. -   4. The pinacol boronate/DPPF solution above was added (1.8 mL to     each vial) and the vials were purged with nitrogen and fitted with a     Teflon-lined cap. -   5. In an argon-filled glove-box, the palladium solution was added     (0.9 mL to each vial). The tightly-capped vials were then placed in     a heater block (90° C.) and shaken at 250 RPM overnight. -   6. After cooling to ambient temperature, sulfonic acid resin (BioRad     Ag®50W-X2, washed and dried, 5.2 meq/g dry weight) was added, 18 eq     to each vial (0.85 g) and also 1.8 mL of methanol. The vials then     were capped and agitated at 250 RPM with heating at 60° C. for 2     hours -   7. The vials then were cooled to ambient temperature and emptied     into 25 mL fritted plastic syringe barrels affixed to a wash     receiver tank. The resin was washed into the syringe barrels with     water and methanol as required to have all the reagents in solution.     A battery of washings then was used to ensure that all excess     reagent was removed from the resin: 2×3 mL each of water, methanol,     tetrahydrofuran, and methylene chloride. The methanol and     tetrahydrofuran washes can be alternated to swell and then shrink     the resin to help expel reagents from inside the resin. The vials     that contained basic reagents (e.g., pyridines) were also washed     with 2M pyridine in methanol after the methanol washes. -   8. The syringe barrels then were racked above tared (using the     Bohdan weighing station) and labeled 20 mL vials, and the resin was     washed with 4M ammonium hydroxide in methanol (4×2 mL) and     tetrahydrofuran (2×2 mL), gravity elution. Positive nitrogen     pressure was applied after the final elution (needle through a     tight-fitting septum). Solvent was removed under vacuum with     centrifugation to prevent bumping (Genevac apparatus) and the masses     were recorded (Bohdan). -   9. Hydrochloric acid (4N) in dioxane (excess) was added and they     were capped and shaken at ambient temperature overnight. Solvent was     removed again under vacuum with centrifugation, and masses were     recorded (using the Bohdan weighing station). -   10. Further purification was achieved through preparative HPLC     separation, and samples with >80% purity were reevaluated for CNS     binding activity as the formate salts.

Example 15 Preparation of 10-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 292.4 (MH⁺).

Example 16 Preparation of 10-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 292.5 (MH⁺).

Example 17 Preparation of 10-(1,1′-biphenyl)-3-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 338.8 (MH⁺).

Example 18 Preparation of 10-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 354.8 (MH⁺).

Example 19 Preparation of 10-(4-methoxyphenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 292.5 (MH⁺).

Example 20 Preparation of 10-(1,1′-biphenyl-)-4-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 338.9 (MH⁺).

Example 21 Preparation of 10-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 308.6 (MH⁺).

Example 22 Preparation of [4-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)phenyl](phenyl)methanone hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 367.0 (MH⁺).

Example 23 Preparation of 10-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 318.8 (MH⁺).

Example 24 Preparation of 10-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 280.5 (MH⁺).

Example 25 Preparation of 10-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexabydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 298.7 (MH⁺).

Example 26 Preparation of 10-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

hydrochloride.

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 280.8 (MH⁺).

Example 27 Preparation of 10-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 330.9 (MH⁺).

Example 28 Preparation of 10-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 330.9 (MH⁺).

Example 29 Preparation of 10-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 296.5/298.4 (MH⁺).

Example 30 Preparation of 10-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 330.6/332.5 (MH⁺).

Example 31 Preparation of 10-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 296.6/298.4 (MH⁺).

Example 32 Preparation of 10-(3-cyanophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 287.9 (MH⁺).

Example 33 Preparation of 10-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10),above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 287.8 (MH⁺).

Example 34 Preparation of [3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 301.5 (MH⁺).

Example 35 Preparation of 10-(1-naphthyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 312.8 (MH⁺).

Example 36 Preparation of 10-(2-hydroxymethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 292.5 (MH⁺).

Example 37 Preparation of 10-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 292.5 (MH⁺).

Example 38 Preparation of 10-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 306.6 (MH⁺).

Example 39 Preparation of 10-(5-pyrimidinyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 264.5 (MH⁺).

Example 40 Preparation of 10-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 322.5 (MH⁺).

Example 41 Preparation of 10-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 298.8 (MH⁺).

Example 42 Preparation of 10-(4-n-butyloxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 335.0 (MH⁺).

Example 43 Preparation of 10-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 346.9 (MH⁺).

Example 44 Preparation of 10-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 330.5/332.5 (MH⁺).

Example 45 Preparation of 10-(2-naphthyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 313.3 (MH⁺).

Example 46 Preparation of 10-(4-pyridinyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the protocol (Steps 1-10), above, making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 264.2 (MH⁺).

Example 47 Preparation of 3-benzyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole

To a suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (4.63 g, 121.9 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (500.0 mL) was added aluminum chloride (16.3 g, 121.9 mmol) at 20° C. followed by the addition of the suspension of 3-benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole (15.0 g, 40.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100.0 mL). The mixture then was stirred at room temperature for 16 h and treated with 20% sodium hydroxide solution (about 150 mL) until pH>13. After water was added, the aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined ethyl acetate solution was dried (MgSO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness to give 13.6 g (94%) of colorless solid as the desired product: mp 179-180° C. (EtOAc/hexane); IR (KBr) 3410 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.12, 7.32-7.40, 7.23-7.27, 7.08, 6.86, 3.75, 3.29-3.26, 2.92-2.89, 2.82-2.77; ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 139.5, 139.2, 135.8, 128.5, 128.1, 126.7, 125.2, 122.8, 120.7, 111.9, 111.7, 110.4, 60.5, 55.0, 53.0, 27.5, 24.1; MS (EI) m/z 354 (M⁺), 356 (M⁺); HRMS cacld for C₁₉H₁₉BrN₂+H: 355.0810, found: 355.0803; Anal. Calcd. for C₁₉H₁₉BrN₂: C, 64.23; H, 5.39; N, 7.89. Found: C, 64.28; H, 5.47; N, 7.87.

Example 48 Preparation of benzhydrylidene-(3-benzyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)amine

A mixture of 3-benzyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole (0.71 g, 2.00 mmol), benzophenone imine (0.44 g, 0.40 mL, 2.40 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.037 g, 0.040 mmol), (S)-(−)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (0.075 g, 0.120 mmol), and sodium tert-butoxide (0.269 g, 2.80 mmol) in toluene (20.0 mL) was refluxed for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature, water and ethyl acetate were added, and the pahases separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The combined ethyl acetate solution was dried (MgSO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness and the residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 30% EtOAc/hexane, 1% Et₃N) to afford a yellow fluffy solid as the title compound (0.855 g, 94%): mp>71° C. (dec.); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.82-7.80, 7.65, 7.66-7.11, 6.82-6.79, 0.73, 5.95, 3.78, 3.20-3.16, 2.90-2.78; MS (ESI+) m/z 456 (M⁺+H).

Example 49 Preparation of 3-benzyl-10-amino-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole

To a solution of benzhydrylidene-(3-benzyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)amine (0.794 g, 1.74 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran was added 1 M hydrochloric acid (10.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min, and then tetrahydrofuran was removed in vacuo. The aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The acidic residue was basified with ammonia and extracted with dichloromethane (3×). The combined dichloromethane solution was dried (MgSO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness to give 0.416 g (82%) of the title compound: mp 164-165° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.76, 7.45-7.26, 6.88, 6.74, 6.29, 3.86, 3.27-3.23, 3.06-2.97; MS (ESI+) m/z 292 (M⁺+H).

Example 50 Preparation of N-(3-benzyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-benzenesulfonamide

To a solution of 3-benzyl-10-amino-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole (1.05 g, 3.60 mmol) in pyridine (7.00 mL) was added benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.77 g, 4.40 mmol) at 0° C. After ten minutes at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h, and then poured into ice water. The mixure was filtered to give a sticky solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed successively with saturated ammonium chloride, saturated sodium bicarbonate, and brine, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil. The addition of dichloromethane gave a brown solid which was recrystallized from dichloromethane to give 0.62 g (40%) of yellow solid as the title compound: mp 164-165° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d₆) δ 10.00, 8.40, 7.70-7.67, 7.64-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.32 (t, 2H), 7.27-7.24, 7.17, 6.79, 6.45, 3.75, 3.15-3.13, 2.95-2.92, 2.80-2.77, 2.72-2.69; ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, acetone-d₆) δ 142.1, 140.7, 139.1, 139.0, 137.5, 137.4, 133.2, 129.6, 129.0, 128.1, 127.6, 126.5, 120.4, 119.5, 113.3, 110.9, 62.5, 56.9, 54.7, 29.2, 26.4; IR (KBr) 3403, 1341, 1325, 1178, 1168 cm⁻¹; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₅N₃O₂S+H: 432.1746, found: 432.1747; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₅N₃O₂S: C, 69.58; H, 5.84; N, 9.74. Found: C, 69.41; H, 5.91; N, 9.64.

Example 51 Preparation of N-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-benzenesulfonamide

A solution of N-(3-benzyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (0.26 g, 0.60 mmol) in ethanol (60.0 mL) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium on carbon (0.14 g) and 2 N hydrochloric acid (0.30 mL, 0.60 mmol) at 50 psi for 24 h. More palladium on carbon (0.28 g) was added and hydrogenation was continued for 5 days. After filtration through a pad of Celite, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (10% MeOH/CHCl₃, 1% Et₃N) to give 0.037 g (18%) of yellowish solid as the title compound: mp 250-252° C.; IR (KBr) 3347, 1335, 1329, 1317, 1153 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, MeOH-d₄) δ 7.66-7.60, 7.57-47, 7.22, 6.79, 6.14, 3.66-3.57, 3.45-3.38, 3.28-3.24; MS (ESI+) m/z 342 (M⁺+H); HRMS cacld for C₁₈H₁₈N₂O+H: 342.1276, found: 342.1284; Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₂S: C, 63.32; H, 5.61; N, 12.31. Found: C, 62.99; H, 5.93; N, 11.90.

Preparation 10 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-9-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.00 g, 2.71 mmol), phenol (0.51 g, 5.42 mmol), copper(I) oxide (0.019 g, 0.14 mmol), and cesium carbonate (2.65 g, 8.12 mmol) in o-xylene was refluxed for 24 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 60% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 0.11 g (10%) of a colorless solid as the title compound: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.42, 7.29-7.19, 7.03-6.86, 4.12-3.91, 3.72-3.61, 3.20-3.04, 2.90-2.76; MS (ESI+) m/z 383 (M⁺+1).

Preparation 11 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.85 g, 5.00 mmol), phenol (0.94 g, 10.0 mmol), copper(I) oxide (0.036 g, 0.25 mmol), and cesium carbonate (4.89 g, 15.0 mmol) in o-xylene was reacted in a similar manner to Preparation 10 to afford 0.55 g (29%) of colorless solid as the title compound: mp 179-182° C. (CH₂Cl₂/hexane); IR (KBr) 1601, 3226 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.40-8.24, 7.43-7.34, 7.05-6.90, 6.55-6.50, 4.00-3.90, 3.64-3.55, 3.29-2.84; ¹³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 171.8, 158.1, 150.1, 137.0, 136.9, 135.0, 129.7, 129.3, 128.6, 126.5, 122.6, 122.0, 118.1, 117.6, 110.1, 109.4, 106.5, 51.2, 45.2, 28.9, 27.2; MS (EI) m/z 382 (M⁺); HRMS cacld for C₂₅H₂₂N₂O₂+H: 383.1759, found: 383.1749; Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₂N₂O₂.1/2H₂O: C, 76.70; H, 5.92; N, 7.17. Found: C, 76.72; H, 5.79; N, 7.15.

Example 52 Preparation of 3-benzyl-9-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole

To a solution of 3-benzoyl-9-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.10 g, 0.26 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) was added lithium aluminum hydride (0.10 g, 2.61 mmol). The resulted mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Water (0.10 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide solution (0.10 mL) and water (0.30 mL) were added sequentially. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 50% EtOAc/hexane with 1% Et₃N) to afford 0.093 g (99%) of colorless solid as the desired product. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.77, 7.21-7.44, 7.12, 6.95-7.04, 6.87, 3.00-2.91, 2.89-2.83.

Example 53 Preparation of 3-benzyl-10-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of 3-benzoyl-10-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.55 g, 1.45 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30.0 mL) and lithium aluminum hydride (0.56 g, 14.5 mmol) was reacted in a manner similar to Preparation 11 to afford 0.47 g (87%) of colorless solid as the desired product: mp 168-170° C.(CH₂Cl₂/hexane); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.0; 7.34-7.21, 7.10, 7.01, 6.94, 6.84, 6.47, 3.69, 2.89-2.87, 2.84-2.81, 2.78-2.75, 2.65-2.62; ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.5, 147.8, 139.2, 137.4, 136.9, 129.6, 128.4, 128.1, 126.7, 121.8, 120.5, 120.3, 116.4, 110.2, 109.3, 107.4, 60.2, 55.4, 53.3, 27.6, 24.8; MS (EI) m/z 368 (M⁺); HRMS cacld for C₂₅H₂₄N₂O+H: 369.1967, found: 369.1961; Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₄N₂O: C, 81.49; H, 6.57; N. 7.60. Found: C, 81.12; H, 6.70; N, 7.53.

Example 54 Preparation of 9-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

A solution of 3-benzyl-9-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole (0.092 g, 0.26 mmol) in ethanol (20.0 mL) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium on carbon (0.04 g) and 2 N hydrochloric acid (0.13 mL, 0.26 mmol,) at 50 psi for 16 h. After filtration through a pad of Celite, the filtrate was concentratec in vacuo to dryness. The residue was recrystalized from EtOAc/MeOH to give 0.071 g (99%) of colorless solid as the desired product: mp>227° C. (dec.); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.10, 9.60, 7.32-7.28, 7.11, 7.01, 6.88, 6.77, 3.36-3.27, 3.21-3.19, 3.05-3.01; ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 159.1, 148.5, 136.4, 131.5, 129.6, 128.5, 121.7, 116.6, 114.0, 111.8, 109.7, 108.1, 46.6, 44.8, 24.7, 20.8; MS (EI) m/z 278 (M⁺); HRMS cacld for C₁₈H₁₈N₂O+H: 279.1497, found: 279.1508; Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₁₈N₂O.HCl: C, 68.67; H, 6.08; N, 8.90. Found: C, 67.95; H, 6.14; N, 8.99.

Example 55 Preparation of 10-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

A solution of 3-benzyl-10-phenoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-azepino[4,5-b]indole (0.28 g, 0.75 mmol) in ethanol (20.0 mL) was hydrogenated reacted in a manner similar to Example 54 to give 0.23 g (98%) of colorless solid as the desired product: mp>245° C. (dec.); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.28, 9.45, 7.34, 7.14, 7.06, 6.99, 6.91, 6.49, 3.29-3.27, 3.18-3.14; ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 158.1, 148.3, 136.8, 135.2, 129.8, 122.3, 121.2, 119.7, 116.9, 109.1, 108.5, 107.5, 46.3, 44.4, 24.4, 21.9; MS (EI) m/z 278 (M⁺); HRMS cacld for C₁₈H₁₈N₂O+H: 279.1497, found: 279.1502; Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₁₈N₂O.HCl.1/2H₂O: C, 66.76; H, 5.91; N, 8.65. Found: C, 67.39; H, 5.98; N, 8.80.

Preparation 12 Preparation of 3-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-2-propyn-1-ol

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (11.68 g, 31.63 mmol), propargyl alcohol (3.25 mL, 60.20 mmol), tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium(0) (1.83 g, 1.58 mmol), copper(I) iodide (0.151 g, 0.79 mmol), and pyrrolidine (100 mL) was allowed to stir under N₂. The mixture was warmed in a 93° C. oil bath and stirred under reflux for 2.5 h. The mixture was cooled, concentrated and absorbed onto SiO₂. Column chromatography (130 g SiO₂, 2.5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) provided 6.40 g of a brown foam. A second purification (Biotage 90 g, 2.5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) provided pure product fractions which were collected and evaporated. Crystallization from dichloromethane, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexanes provided 4.97 g of the title compound (mp 162-165° C.). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.05-8.35, 7.35-7.50, 7.15-7.25, 6.95-7.10, 7.40-7.60, 3.90-4.05, 3.55-3.70, 3.48, 3.25-3.40, 3.05-3.20, 2.75-2.85.

Preparation 13 Preparation of 3-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-1-propanol

A mixture of 3-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-2-propyn-1-ol (4.715 g, 13.69 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.548 g) in ethanol (75 mL) was hydrogenated under 35 p.s.i. H₂ for 3.5 h. The mixture was filtered through celite, rinsed both ethanol, dichloromethane and evaporated. Crystallization from ethyl acetate/hexanes provided 4.230 g of the title compound (mp 144-147° C.). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.20-8.55, 7.30-7.50, 7.05-7.15, 6.95-7.05, 6.75-6.90, 3.90-4.10, 3.55-3.80, 3.35-3.45, 2.90-3.20, 2.80-2.90, 1.75-2.00.

Preparation 14 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A dry flask was charged with 3-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-1-propanol (0.214 g, 0.61 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.178 g, 0.68 mmol), phenol (0.064 g, 0.68 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL). Under a N₂ atmosphere, diethylazodicarboxylate (0.11 mL, 0.68 mmol) was added. The mixture stirred for 0.5 hours at room temperature and was evaporated in vacuo. The ether product was purified by flash chromatography (90 g SiO₂, 1% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) providing 0.145 g of the title compound (mp 121-124° C.). IR (drift) 3236, 3210, 2940, 1604, 1496, 1466, 1430, 1298, 1258, 1238, 1046, 928, 751, 739, 704 cm⁻¹.

Example 56 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl phenyl ether hydrochloride

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-10-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.265 g, 0.61 mmol) and potassium hydroxide (0.175 g, 3.12 mmol) in ethylene glycol (10.0 mL) was heated under N₂ at 130° C. for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to rt, poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3×75 mL). The combined organics were washed with water, brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was treated with methanolic hydrochloric acid and evaporated in vacuo. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate and hexanes provided 0.132 g of the title compound (mp 215-218° C.). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 11.05, 7.27, 7.10, 6.80-7.00, 6.70, 4.00, 2.95-3.50, 1.85-2.08.

Example 57 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 2-naphthyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, and using 2-naphthol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₆N₂O (MH⁺) 371.2123, found 371.2123.

Example 58 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 1-naphthyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, and using 1-naphthol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₆N₂O (MH⁺) 371.2123, found 371.2134.

Example 59 Preparation of 10-[3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yloxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₇H₂₈N₂O (MH⁺) 397.2280, found 397.2288.

Example 60 Preparation of 10-[3-(3-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₂ (MH⁺) 351.2072, found 351.2073.

Example 61 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₂ (MH⁺) 351.2072, found 351.2077.

Example 62 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₁H₂₃ClN₂O (MH⁺) 355.1577, found 355.1584.

Example 63 Preparation of 10-[3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₁H₂₃ClN₂O (MH⁺) 355.1577, found 355.1581.

Example 64 Preparation of 10-[3-(2-chlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₁H₂₃ClN₂O (MH⁺) 355.1577, found 355.1570.

Example 65 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]inidole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 389 (MH⁺).

Example 66 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 389 (MH⁺).

Example 67 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 339 (MH⁺).

Example 68 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedures of Preparation 14 and Example 56, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 335 (MH⁺).

Parallel Synthesis

A modified version of the above mentioned scheme was utilized for the parallel synthesis. The Sonogashira coupling and reduction to the alkane followed as previously mentioned to obtain 3-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-1-propanol. Hydrolysis of the amide functionality under basic conditions led to the free base. Protection in situ as the tert-butyl carbamate and standard Mitsunobu reaction conditions using various aryl alcohols provided the corresponding aryl ethers. Immediate deprotection of the tert-butyl carbamate using DOWEX® ion exchange resin (5.2 meq/g), removal of the reaction byproducts and excess reagents through successive washing, release from the resin through addition of excess base, and trapping the freebase as the hydrochloride salt led to the desired compounds.

Preparation 15 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A mixture of 3-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-1-propanol (1.515 g, 4.35 mmol), potassium hydroxide (2.440 g, 43.47 mmol), and ethylene glycol (50 mL) was allowed to stir under N₂ in an oil bath. The bath temperature was raised to 158° C. and stirred for 16 h. The mixture was then cooled to rt, diluted with H₂O (25 mL), dioxane (25 mL) and cooled further in an ice bath. Di-tert-butyldicarbonate (1.218 g 5.581 mmol) was added in two portions and the ice bath was removed. After 2 h, the room temperature mixture was poured into H₂O (about 300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). Evaporation of the combined organic layers provided a brown oil. Crystallization from ethyl acetate and hexanes provided the title compound 0.825 as a tan solid (mp 166-168° C.): IR (drift) 3242, 3218, 2974, 2943, 2930, 2873, 1667, 1484, 1452, 1417, 1365, 1239, 1171, 1037, 749 cm⁻¹.

Example 69 Preparation of 4-[3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propoxy]benzonitrile hydrochloride

To a 25 mL scintillation vial containing a glass bead was added 4-cyanophenol (0.033 g, 0.277 mmol), a solution (0.250 M) of tert-butyl 10-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.0 mL, 0.250 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran, a solution (0.275 M) of triphenylphosphine (1.0 mL, 0.275 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran, and diethylazodicarboxylate (43.5 μL, 0.275 mmol). The vial was capped and orbitally shaken for 30 h. The mixture then was diluted with dichloromethane (1 mL) and methanol (1 mL). DOWEX® ion exchange resin (5.2 meq/gram, 0.5-0.75 g) was added and the mixtures were capped and shaken orbitally at 40° C. for 3 h. The mixture was filtered and the resin was washed (2× each) with dichloromethane, methanol, water, and tetrahydrofuran. The product then was eluted using a 4 N solution of ammonium hydroxide in methanol. Evaporation provided a residue which upon treatment with methanolic hydrochloric acid and evaporation led to the title compound. MS (EI) for m/z 346 (MH⁺).

Example 70 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 2-pyridinyl ether dihydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 322 (MH⁺).

Example 71 Preparation of 2-bromophenyl 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 399 (MH⁺).

Example 72 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 2-iodophenyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 447 (MH⁺).

Example 73 Preparation of 2-ethylphenyl 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 349 (MH⁺).

Example 74 Preparation of 10-[3-(2-isopropylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 363 (MH⁺).

Example 75 Preparation of 2-[3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propoxy]benzonitrile hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 346 (MH⁺).

Example 76 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 3-pyridinyl ether dihydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 322 (MH⁺).

Example 77 Preparation of 10-[3-(3-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 339 (MH⁺).

Example 78 Preparation of 3-bromophenyl 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 399 (MH⁺).

Example 79 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 3-iodophenyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 447 (MH⁺).

Example 80 Preparation of 10-[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 363 (MH⁺).

Example 81 Preparation of 10-{3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 389 (MH⁺).

Example 82 Preparation of 10-{3-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 405 (MH⁺).

Example 83 Preparation of 3-ethylphenyl 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 349 (MH⁺).

Example 84 Preparation of 10-[3-(3-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 377 (MH⁺).

Example 85 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 4-pyridinyl ether dihydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 322 (MH⁺).

Example 86 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 351 (MH⁺).

Example 87 Preparation of 10-{3-[4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 427 (MH⁺).

Example 88 Preparation of 4-bromophenyl 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 399 (MH⁺).

Example 89 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl 4-iodophenyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making noncritical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 447 (MH⁺).

Example 90 Preparation of 4-ethylphenyl 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)propyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 349 (MH⁺).

Example 91 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-isopropylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 363 (MH⁺).

Example 92 Preparation of 10-{3-[(4′-bromo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 477 (MH⁺).

Example 93 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,3-difluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 357 (MH⁺).

Example 94 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 479 (MH⁺).

Example 95 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 357 (MH⁺).

Example 96 Preparation of 10-[3-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 365 (MH⁺).

Example 97 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-iodo-2-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 461 (MH⁺).

Example 98 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,5-difluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 357 (MH⁺).

Example 99 Preparation of 10-[3-(2-chloro-5-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 369 (MH⁺).

Example 100 Preparation of 10-[3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 377 (MH⁺).

Example 101 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 357 (MH⁺).

Example 102 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 389 (MH⁺).

Example 103 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 349 (MH⁺).

Example 104 Preparation of 10-[3-(2-fluoro-6-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 369 (MH⁺).

Example 105 Preparation of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)-1-propanol hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, except using no phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 245 (MH⁺).

Example 106 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,3,6-trimethylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 363 (MH⁺).

Example 107 Preparation of 10-[3-(mesityloxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 363 (MH⁺).

Example 108 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 493 (MH⁺).

Example 109 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 373 (MH⁺).

Example 110 Preparation of 10-[3-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 369 (MH⁺).

Example 111 Preparation of 10-[3-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 373 (MH⁺).

Example 112 Preparation of 10-[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 365 (MH⁺).

Example 113 Preparation of 10-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 389 (MH⁺).

Example 114 Preparation of 10-[3-(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 349 (MH⁺).

Example 115 Preparation of 10-[3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride.

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 381 (MH⁺).

Example 116 Preparation of 10-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 375 (MH⁺).

Example 117 Preparation of 10-{3-[(2,4-dichloro-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 439 (MH⁺).

Example 118 Preparation of 10-{3-[(4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 401 (MH⁺).

Example 119 Preparation of 10-{3-[(4-chloro-1-naphthyl)oxylpropyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 405 (MH⁺).

Example 120 Preparation of 10-{3-[(1,6-dibromo-2-naphthyl)oxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 529 (MH⁺).

Example 121 Preparation of 10-{3-[(1-bromo-2-naphthyl)oxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 449 (MH⁺).

Example 122 Preparation of 10-[3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 411 (MH⁺).

Example 123 Preparation of 10-[3-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole dihydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 372 (MH⁺).

Example 124 Preparation of 10-[3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yloxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 397 (MH⁺).

Example 125 Preparation of 10-{3-[(5-chloro-8-quinolinyl)oxy]propyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole dihydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 69, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, the title compound was obtained. MS (EI) m/z 406 (MH⁺).

Preparation 16 Preparation of tert-butyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Di-tert-butyldicarbonate (6.33 g, 29.0 mmol) was added to a mixture of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (5.40 g, 29.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 48 h, then poured into water (50 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (3×40 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated in vacuo and crystallized from ethyl acetate to provide 5.71 g of the title compound, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 6 as (22).

Preparation 17 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a mixture of tert-butyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (3.557 g, 12.42 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was added 60% sodium hydride (0.596 g, 14.90 mmol). The mixture stirred for 1 h, and then cooled in a 0° C. bath. Ethyl bromoacetate was added, and the mixture warmed to room temperature. Water then was added and the mixture was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed with water. Evaporation and trituration with hexanes provided 3.289 g of the title compound, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 6 as (23) (where n=1).

Preparation 18 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A chilled (0° C.) mixture of tert-butyl 6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was treated over 1 h with 1 M diisobutylaluminum hydride (19.0 mL, 19.0 mmol) in dichloromethane. After 1.5 h, ice was added and the mixture was allowed to warm to rt. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was filtered through celite, dried, and evaporated in vacuo to provide 2.479 g of the title compound, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 6 as (24) (where n=1).

Preparation 19 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.459 g, 1.39 mmol), 3-methoxyphenol (0.170 g, 1.39 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.364 g, 1.39 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) was treated with diethylazodicarboxylate (0.243 g, 1.39 mmol). The mixture stirred for 24 h, and then was evaporated in vacuo. Column chromatography (90 g SiO₂, 70% hexanes/30% ethyl acetate) provided an oil which was extracted into ethyl acetate and washed with 1 N sodium hydroxide. The organic phase was dried and evaporated to provide the title compound and was used without isolation. The structure of the title compound is shown in FIG. 6 as (25), where n=1 and Ar=3-MeOphenyl.

Example 126 Preparation of 6-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole maleate

A mixture of tert-butyl 6-[2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.447 g, 1.02 mmol) in methanolic hydrochloric acid was warmed in a 50° C. bath for 1.5 h. The mixture was evaporated, taken up in ethyl acetate, then washed with 1 N sodium hydroxide. The organic phase was dried and evaporated to provide an oil. The oil was diluted with methanol and a solution of maleic acid in methanol was added. Evaporation and crystallization of the residue from methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexanes, afforded 0.347 g of the title compound (mp=131-133° C.).

Example 127 Preparation of 3-nitrophenyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl ether hydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 126, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, and trapping as the hydrochloride salt, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₀H₂₁N₃O₃ (MH⁺) 352.1661, found 352.1681.

Example 128 Preparation of 6-[2-(3-isopropylphenoxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole maleate

Following the procedure of Example 126, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, and trapping as the maleate salt, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₃H₂₈N₂O (MH⁺)349.2280, found 349.2272.

Example 129 Preparation of 4-pyridinyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl ether dihydrochloride

Following the procedure of Example 126, making noncritical variations, starting with the appropriate phenol, and trapping as the dihydrochloride salt, the title compound was obtained. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₉H₂₁N₃O (MH⁺) 308.1763, found 308.1759.

Preparation 20 Preparation of 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-6-(3-chloropropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Sodium hydride (335 mg, 60%) was added to a solution of 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.99 g) and DMF (21.0 mL) at 0° C. The solution was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and then 1-bromo-3-chloropropane (0.74 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and 16 h at room temperature. The solution was diluted with EtOAc, which was washed with water (3×20 mL). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was purified by chromatography (Biotage, silica gel, 4:1-1:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give 1.38 g of the title compound as an oil: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.50, 7.10-7.40, 4.28, 3.55-3.82, 3.52, 2.95-3.10, 2.15-2.30, 1.51; MS (ESI) m/z 363 (M⁺).

Preparation 21 Preparation of 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-6-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A mixture of 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-6-(3-chloropropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (213 mg), phenol (90 mg), DMF (2.0 mL), and K₂CO₃ (81 mg) was heated at 100° C. for 16 h, then allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), then washed with water (3×10 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, 3:1 hexane:EtOAc) gave 205 mg of the title compound as an oil: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.45-7.55, 6.8-7.35, 4.33, 3.90, 3.55-3.75, 2.90-3.10, 2.12-2.28, 1.49; MS (ESI) m/z 421 (M⁺).

Example 130 Preparation of 6-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole maleate

A solution of 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-6-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (205 mg), CH₂Cl₂ (4.0 mL), and TFA (2.0 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 1.5 h, then concentrated. The residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and aq. NaHCO₃. The organic layers were dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated to give 70 mg of the desired product. The maleic acid salt was prepared in ether, and the crude product triturated with ether to provide the title compound: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.40-7.50,7.20-7.35, 7.00-7.15, 6.95, 6.80-6.90, 4.33, 3.87, 2.85-3.10, 2.10-2.25.

Example 131 Preparation of 6-[3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole maleate

Following Example 130, but starting with 3-chlorophenol, and making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.41-7.51, 7/05-7.30, 6.65-6.95, 4.31, 3.84, 2.90-3.15, 2.05-2.45; MS (ESI) m/z 357, 355.

Example 132 Preparation of 6-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]propyl ether maleate

Following Example 130, but starting with 4-fluorophenol and making non-critical variations, the title compound was obtained: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.40-7.50, 6.90-7.30, 6.85-6.95, 4.32, 3.81, 2.85-3.15, 2.10-2.25, 1.83; MS (ESI) m/z 339 (M⁺).

Example 133 Preparation of 10-bromo-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole oxalate

Starting with 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, and β-bromophenetole, the title compound was obtained: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.20-7.35, 6.90-7.10, 6.75-6.90, 4.49, 4.18, 3.40-3.65, 3.00-3.30; MS (ESI) m/z 387, 385.

Example 134 Preparation of 6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole oxalate

Hydrogenolysis of 10-bromo-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole oxalate gave the title compound: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.70-7.35, 4.40-4.55, 4.10-4.25, 3.45-3.55, 3.00-3.20; MS (ESI) m/z 307 (M⁺).

Preparation 22 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-bromo-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare tert-butyl 6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate in 82% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.28, 1.50, 2.90-2.99, 3.54-3.63, 3.66-3.82, 4.22, 4.79, 6.98, 7.12, 7.27; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₇BrN₂O₄ m/z 451.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 23 Preparation of (3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetic acid

tert-Butyl 6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.606 g, 1.63 mmol) is dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) and 1N NaOH (2.44 mL, 2.44 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) is added. The resulting solution is stirred at rt for 3 h. The reaction mixture is concentrated and the residue is partitioned between EtOAc (50 mL) and 10% aqueous citric acid (30 mL). The layers are separated and the aqueous layer is extracted with EtOAc (25 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with water (2×15 mL) and brine (15 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Crude (3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetic acid (0.566 g) is obtained in quantitative yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.49, 2.92-2.96, 3.00-3.04, 3.67-3.79, 4.83, 7.14, 7.19-7.20, 7.49; MS (ESI−) for C₁₉H₂₄N₂O₄ m/z 343.1 (M−H)³¹ .

Preparation 24 Preparation of (10-bromo-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetic acid

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare (3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetic acid.

Preparation 25 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetic acid (3.38 mmol) was dissolved in THF (20 mL) and 2,3-dimethylaniline (0.43 mL, 0.43 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.05 equiv.), dimethylaminopyridine (0.415 g, 3.40 mmol, 1.01 equiv.), and diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.60 mL, 0.48 g, 3.8 mmol, 1.13 equiv.) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt under N₂ for 18 h. The reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc (100 mL) and this solution was washed with 10% aqueous citric acid (2×50 mL), 5% aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (1.7223 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 187 g, eluted with 10:1 toluene:acetone followed by 9:1 toluene:acetone) to give tert-butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.1066 g) in 67% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1.50, 2.01-2.03, 2.27, 2.29-3.12, 3.66-3.75, 3.75-3.83, 5.03, 7.04-7.19, 7.37, 7.49; MS (ESI+) for C₂₇H₃₃N₃O₃ m/z 448.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 135 Preparation of N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.02 g, 2.27 mmol) was disolved in CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL), then trifluoroacetic acid (3.0 mL, 4.44 g, 38.9 mmol, 17.2 equiv.) was added. The resulting solution was stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, then the residue was partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and 1N NaOH (50 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL) The combined organic layers were washed with brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was combined with EtOAc (20 mL) and 1M HCl in Et₂O (20 mL), then the salt was collected by filtration. The salt was dried under vacuum over P₂O₅. N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (0.7739 g) was obtained in 89% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.11, 2.29, 3.23-3.26, 3.32-3.35, 3.47-3.56, 5.12, 7.06-7.15, 7.22, 7.44, 7.53; MS (ESI+) for C₂₂H₂₅N₃O m/z 348.3 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 26 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-oxo-2-(3-toluidino)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare tert-butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate in 92% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1.50-1.51, 2.31, 3.00-3.06, 3.69-3.80, 4.98, 6.95, 7.06, 7.13, 7.19, 7.30, 7.34, 7.38, 7.47; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₃₁N₃O₃ m/z 434.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 136 Preparation of N-(3-methylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride in 91% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMF) δ 2.47, 3.46-3.51, 3.63-3.68, 3.73-3.83, 5.41, 7.08-7.11, 7.25, 7.33, 7.39, 7.66-7.75; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₃N₃O m/z 334.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 27 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(2-fluoro-4-methylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare tert-butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate in 77% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.50, 2.29, 2.97-3.10, 3.71-3.81, 4.89, 6.80, 6.92, 7.03, 7.20, 7.23-7.30, 7.55-7.59, 7.97; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₃₀FN₃O₃ m/z 452.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 137 Preparation of N-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride in 88% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMF) δ 2.48, 3.48-3.51, 3.62-3.68, 3.69-3.81, 5.51, 7.17, 7.24-7.36, 7.72, 7.73, 8.04; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₂FN₃O m/z 352.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 28 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(mesitylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare tert-butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate in 76% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.50, 2.01, 2.23, 3.03-3.12, 3.70-3.85, 4.93, 6.36, 6.83, 7.20, 7.28, 7.34, 7.53-7.57; MS (ESI+) for C₂₈H₃₅N₃O₃ m/z 462.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 138 Preparation of N-mesityl-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochiloride in 99% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMF) δ 2.18, 2.23, 3.29-3.33, 3.49-3.66, 5.28, 6.89, 7.10, 7.20, 7.55, 7.62; MS (ESI+) for C₂₃H₂₇N₃O m/z 362.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 29 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(4-methoxyanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetraydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare tert-butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate in 86% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.49, 2.96-3.11, 3.71-3.81, 4.85, 6.81, 6.86, 7.21, 7.21-7.31, 7.57; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₃₁N₃O₄ m/z 450.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 139 Preparation of N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride in 96% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.23-3.30, 3.48-3.56, 3.78, 5.05, 6.89, 7.11, 7.19, 7.37, 7.45, 7.52; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₃N₃O₂ m/z 350.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 30 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(2-anilino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare tert-butyl 6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.46, 2.99, 3.06, 3.71-3.77, 4.84, 7.01, 7.09, 7.17-7.31, 7.55; MS (ESI+) for C₂₅H₂₉N₃O₃ m/z 420.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 140 Preparation of N-phenyl-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide trifluoroacetate

Prepared according to a procedure closely related to that used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride of Example 135. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.21-3.27, 3.46-3.54, 5.06, 7.09, 7.10, 7.17, 7.28-7.35, 7.50, 7.54, 7.54; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₁N₃O m/z 320.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 141 Preparation of N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride of Example 135. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.20-3.29, 3.44-3.52, 5.05, 7.04, 7.08, 7.16, 7.34, 7.49, 7.56; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₀FN₃O m/z 338.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 142 Preparation of N-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride of Example 135. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.22-3.30, 3.47-3.55, 5.11, 7.10, 7.17, 7.34, 7.51, 7.57, 7.88, 7.98, 8.64; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₀N₄O₃ m/z 365.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 143 Preparation of N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride of Example 135. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.19-3.28, 3.42-3.51, 3.75, 5.06, 6.68, 7.09, 7.11, 7.17, 7.21, 7.30, 7.36, 7.50; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₃N₃O₂ m/z 350.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example 144 Preparation of N-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride of Example 135. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.22-3.30, 3.46-3.53, 5.13, 7.10, 7.17, 7.35, 7.51, 7.66, 7.80; MS (ESI+) for C₂,H₂₀N₄O m/z 345.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 145 Preparation of N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride of Example 135. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.19-3.28, 3.43-3.51, 3.73, 5.05, 6.26, 6.84, 7.09, 7.17, 7.35, 7.49; MS (ESI+) for C₂₂H₂₅N₃O₃ m/z 380.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 146 Preparation of N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.22-3.30, 3.45-3.52, 3.77, 3.79, 5.09, 6.45, 6.57, 7.12, 7.21, 7.40, 7.53, 7.70; MS (ESI+) for C₂₂H₂₅N₃O₃ m/z 380.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 147 Preparation of N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride of Example 135. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.23-3.31, 3.47-3.55, 5.08, 7.10, 7.18, 7.21, 7.35, 7.46, 7.52, 7.86; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₁₉ClFN₃O m/z 372.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 148 Preparation of N-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]aniline

tert-Butyl 6-(2-anilino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.059 g, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in THF (5 mL) and LAH (0.0080 g, 0.21 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 6 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc. The extracts were treated with TFA, and the resulting mixture was concentrated. THF and excess LAH were added and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of acetone, methanol, and water. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (4×) and the reaction mixture was concentrated. The crude product was purified by PTLC (1 mm×20 cm×20 cm plate, developed with 10% MeOH:CH₂Cl₂, eluted with MeOH) to yield N-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]aniline (0.0093 g) in 22% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 2.87-2.89, 2.93-2.96, 3.03, 3.09, 3.49-3.53, 4.31, 6.57, 6.74, 7.07-7.28, 7.50.

Preparation 31 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A solution of (10-bromo-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetic acid (0.152 g, 0.359 mmol) and triethylamine (0.052 mL, 0.038 g, 0.372 mmol, 1.04 equiv.) in THF (2 mL) was cooled to 0° C. under N₂. Isobutyl chloroformate (0.048 mL, 0.051 g, 0.372 mmol, 1.04 equiv.) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2.3 h. o-Phenylenediamnine (0.0406 g, 0.375 mmol, 1.04 equiv.) and acetic acid (0.24 mL, 0.26 g, 4.25 mmol, 11.8 equiv.) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. The temperature of the reaction mixture gradually was increased to 64° C. over 3 h. After 19 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to rt. The reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc, and the resulting solution was washed with water, saturated aq. NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (0.1865 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 22 g, eluted with 5:1 toluene:acetone) to give tert-butyl 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.105 g) in 59% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.12, 3.20, 3.54, 3.68-3.74, 5.54, 5.58, 6.88, 7.20, 7.23-7.30.

Example 149 Preparation of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-(1H-benzirnidazol-2-ylmethyl)-10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.105 g, 0.212 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL, 2.96 g, 26.0 mmol, 122 equiv.) was added. This mixture was stirred at rt in a capped vessel for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was taken up in EtOAc (2 mL), and 1M HCl in Et₂O was added. The hydrochloride salt was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum. 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride (0.943 g) was produced in quantitative yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMF) δ 3.61-3.70, 3.83-3.86, 6.12, 7.06, 7.31, 7.36-7.42, 7.66-7.74, 7.74; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.33-3.36, 3.54-3.59, 3.83-3.86, 6.04, 7.09, 7.35, 7.41, 7.54-7.57, 7.71-7.74; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₁₉BrN₄ m/z 395, 396.9 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 32 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-bromo-6-(2-isobutoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Obtained as a by-product in the formation of tert-butyl 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 0.87, 1.50, 1.90, 2.93-2.99, 3.56-3.62, 3.68-3.82, 3.93, 4.80, 6.98, 7.13, 7.27; MS (ESI+) for C₂₃H₃₁BrN₂O₄ m/z 479 (M+H)⁺.

Example 150 Preparation of isobutyl (10-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetate

tert-butyl 10-bromo-6-(2-isobutoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0412 g, 0.0859 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (1.0 mL, 1.48 g, 13.0 mmol, 151 equiv.) was added. The resulting solution was stirred at rt for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was taken up in EtOAc (2 mL), then treated with 1N HCl in Et₂O. Hydrochloride salt formation did not occur and the resulting solution were concentrated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 1N NaOH. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude isobutyl (10-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetate (0.0260 g) was obtained in 80% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 0.85, 1.86, 2.98-3.03, 3.11-3.14, 3.53-3.56, 3.91, 5.02, 6.94, 7.18, 7.25; MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₂₃BrN₂O₂ m/z 379.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 151 Preparation of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-ylacetic acid hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.122 g, 0.328 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (5 mL). Strongly acidic cation exchange resin (Bio-Rad AG 50W-2×200-400 mesh, 0.424 g) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. The resin was collected by filtration, then washed with methanol. The resin was combined with 1:1 7M aqueous NH₄OH and methanol, and the resin was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness, and the residue was taken up in methanol and concentrated to dryness to remove excess NH₃. The free amino acid was treated with concentrated aqueous HCl (11.6 M, 3 drops) in methanol and the mixture was concentrated to give 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-ylacetic acid hydrochloride (0.088 g) in 96% yield as a white solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.21-3.25, 3.45-3.51, 5.05, 7.10, 7.18, 7.29, 7.50; MS (ESI−) for C₁₄H₁₆N₂O₃ m/z 243.1 (M−H)⁻.

Preparation 33 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.100 g, 0.349 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) under N₂ at rt. NaH (0.0450 g, 1.13 mmol, 3.22 equiv., 60% dispersion) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylacetamide (86 μL, 0.102 g, 0.838 mmol, 2.4 equiv.) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h. The reaction mixture was poured over ice, thenextracted with EtOAc (2×). The organic extracts was washed first with water, then with brine and dried over MgSO₄. The organic extracts was filtered and concentrated to yield a crude product (0.148 g). The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂ 18 g, eluted with 3:1 toluene:acetone) to give tert-butyl 6-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.116 g) in 90% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.50, 2.87-2.95, 3.01, 3.00-3.07, 3.13, 3.68-3.80, 4.85, 7.07-7.19, 7.47-7.51; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₉N₃O₃ m/z 372.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 152 Preparation of N,N-dimethyl-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.113 g, 0.305 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) at rt. CF₃CO₂H (1 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give a crude product (0.145 g). The crude product was dissolved in EtOAc (3 mL), then 1 N HCl in Et₂O (6 mL) was added and the precipitated salt was collected by filtration. N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (0.0896 g) was obtained in 95% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.99, 3.14-3.17, 3.21-3.24, 3.26, 3.47-3.50, 5.16, 7.08, 7.15, 7.30, 7.50; MS (ESI+) for C₁₆H₂₁N₃O m/z 272.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 34 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0994 g, 0.347) and iodoacetamide (0.0704 g, 0.381 mmol, 1.10 equiv.) was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) at rt under N₂. NaH (0.033 g, 0.825 mmol, 2.38 equiv., 60% dispersion) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h. Additional NaH (0.039 g) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was poured over ice, and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts was washed with water and then with brine. The organic extracts was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (0.124 g) was purified by PTLC (2×1 mm×20 cm×20 cm SiO₂ plates, developed with 3:1 EtOAc:hexane, eluted with 10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to give tert-butyl 6-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0233 g) in 19% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.50, 2.93-3.07, 3.68-3.79, 4.71, 5.33, 5.90-5.94, 7.15-7.24, 7.50-7.54; MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₂₅N₃O₃ m/z 344.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 153 Preparation of 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0233 g, 0.0678 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) at rt. CF₃CO₂H (0.8 mL) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give a crude product (0.0288 g). The crude product was dissolved in EtOAc (1 mL), 1 N HCl in Et₂O (2 mL) was added, and the precipitated salt was collected by filtration. 2-(2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (0.0151 g) was obtained in 80% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMF-d₇) δ 3.29-3.33, 3.40-3.43, 3.50-3.58, 4.97, 7.07, 7.15, 7.45, 7.53; MS (ESI+) for C₁₄H₁₇N₃O m/z 244.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 35 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfinyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.170 g, 0.594 mmol) and 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfoxide (0.225 g, 1.20 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL) at rt. NaH (0.100 mg, 2.5 mmol, 4.21 equiv., 60% dispersion) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h. The reaction was quenched with a saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution and partitioned between water and CH₂Cl₂. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×). The combined organic layers were concentrated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was chromatographed (Biotage 12 m SiO₂ column, eluted with a 20% to 30% EtOAc in hexane gradient) to give tert-butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfinyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate.

Example 154 Preparation of 6-[2-(phenylsulfinyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

tert-Butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfinyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 5 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, and the residue was dissolved in 10% aqueous acetic acid. This aqueous solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×). The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 10 with NaOH, then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined EtOAc extracts was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The product was chromatographed (SiO₂, 10% methanol in CH₂Cl₂) to give 6-[2-(phenylsulfinyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.116 g) in 70% yield as a white solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.09-3.24, 3.28-3.44, 4.40, 4.62, 7.05, 7.13, 7.25, 7.43, 7.50-7.59; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 22.79, 24.84, 37.04, 46.77, 48.66, 56.93, 110.42, 112.81, 116.30, 118.82, 120.17, 120.93, 122.91, 125.18, 128.93, 130.72, 132.72, 136.17, 136.92, 143.37.

Preparation 36 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.111 g, 0.388 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and this solution was added to a mixture of 50% aqueous KOH (5 mL) and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (0.100 g). The biphasic mixture was stirred vigorously at rt. 2-Chloroethyl phenyl sulfone (0.318 g, 1.55 mmol) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layers was concentrated. The crude product was chromatographed (Biotage 40s SiO₂ column, eluted with a 10% to 40% EtOAc in hexane gradient) to give tert-butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.154 g) in 87% as a clear solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.48, 2.87-2.93, 3.38-3.42, 3.63, 3.69, 4.52, 7.04-7.17, 7.42, 7.53-7.59, 7.63-7.70, 7.88.

Example 155 Preparation of 6-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

tert-Butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.139 g, 0.306 mmol) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) for 5 min. CH₂Cl₂ was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The salt was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and a mixture of 1 M KOH and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂, eluted with 1:1 EtOAc:hexane) to give 6-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.0123 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.13, 3.29-3.33, 3.42, 3.50, 3.71, 4.65, 7.07, 7.14, 7.22, 7.42, 7.51, 7.66, 7.70.

Preparation 37 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.602 g, 1.62 mmol) was dissolved in THF (15 mL), and the resulting solution was cooled to −10° C. under N₂. LiBH₄ (0.0756 g, 3.47 mmnol, 2.14 equiv.) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt. After 19.5 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., and LiBH₄ (0.0250 g, 1.15 mmol, 0.71 equiv.) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up for 3.5 h. The reaction mixture was combined with water and was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give tert-butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.533 g) in acceptable purity and essentially quantitative yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1.48-1.51, 3.00-3.11, 3.66-3.79, 3.87-3.95, 4.27, 7.12, 7.19, 7.32, 7.50; MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₂₆N₂O₃ m/z 331.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 156 Preparation of 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethanol hydrochloride

2-(2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethanol hydrochloride was prepared from tert-butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate by the procedure used to prepare 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-ylacetic acid hydrochloride in 48% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.22, 3.37, 3.44-3.52, 3.80, 4.30, 7.07, 7.15, 7.37, 7.48; MS (ESI+) for C₁₄H₁₈N₂O m/z 231.3 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 38 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.533 g, 1.61 mmol), p-chlorophenol (0.224 g, 1.74 mmol, 1.08 equiv.) and triphenylphosphine (0.445 g, 1.70 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) was dissolved in THF (10 mL) and stirred at rt under N₂. Diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.30 mL, 0.337 g, 1.93 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give crude product (1.85 g), which was chromatographed (SiO₂ 175 g, eluted with 4:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give tert-butyl 6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.622 g) in 88% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1.48, 2.96-3.03, 3.05-3.14, 3.63-3.78, 4.15, 4.48, 6.70, 7.11, 7.15-7.20, 7.17, 7.27-7.31, 7.46-7.51; MS (ESI+) for C₂₅H₂₉ClN₂O₃ m/z 440.9 (M+H)⁺.

Example 157 Preparation of 4-chlorophenyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl ether hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.622 g, 1.41 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) at rt. CF₃CO₂H (4 mL) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in EtOAc and washed with 1 N NaOH. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (0.541 g) was dissolved in EtOAc (2 mL) and 1 N HCl in Et₂O (2 mL) was added. The solvents were removed under vacuum and Et₂O (10 mL) was added to the residue. The resulting mixture was sonicated and the finely powdered salt was collected by filtration. 4-Chlorophenyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl ether hydrochloride (0.503 g) was obtained in 94% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.16-3.20, 3.35-3.50, 4.22, 4.59, 6.76, 7.07, 7.18, 7.18, 7.43, 7.48; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₁ClN₂O m/z 341.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 158 Preparation of 4-fluorophenyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl ether hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 4-chlorophenyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl ether hydrochloride of Example 157. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.17-3.21, 3.39-3.50, 4.18, 4.56, 6.75, 6.92, 7.08, 7.18, 7.42, 7.48; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₁FN₂O m/z 325.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 39 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.181 g, 0.549 mmol) and triethylamine (0.115 mL, 0.0833 g, 0.824 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) were dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ at −10° C. under N₂. MsCl (0.0510 mL, 0.0755 g, 0.659 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. The reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc (25 mL) and was washed sequentially with 10% citric acid (10 mL), 5% NaHCO₃ (10 mL), and brine (10 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude tert-butyl 6-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate was used directly in the next reaction.

Preparation 40 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate, (0.0488 g, 0. 148 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and stirred at rt. Triethylamine (5 mL) was added, followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (0.017 mL, 0.221 mmol, 1.50 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h, and additional methanesulfonyl chloride (0.015 mL) was added. After 30 min, a mixture of thiophenol (0.065 mL, 0.592 mmol, 4.0 equiv.) and KOH (12 equiv.) in DMF (5 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, then the resulting mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by PTLC (1 mm×20 cm×20 cm SiO₂ plates, developed with 1:4 EtOAc:bexane) to give tert-butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.017 g) in 28% yield as a white solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.52, 2.92, 2.99, 3.17, 3.66-3.73, 4.28, 7.10-7.20, 7.25-7.41, 7.48; MS (ESI+) for C₂₅H₃₀N₂O₂S m/z 423 (M+H)⁺.

Example 159 Preparation of phenyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl sulfide trifluoroacetate

tert-Butyl 6-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0532 g, 0126 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL), and the solution was stirred for 5 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness to give phenyl 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl sulfide trifluoroacetate (0.70 g) as a tan solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.12, 3.18, 3.30, 3.34-3.41, 4.41, 7.08, 7.15, 7.17-7.26, 7.45; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₂N₂S m/z 323.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 41 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(2-azidoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.224 g, 0.549 mmol) and NaN₃ (0.357 g, 5.49 mmol, 10.0 equiv.) were dissolved in DMF (2.5 mL) and the solution was stirred at 60° C. under N₂ for 14.5 h. The reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc and washed with water (2×15 mL). The aqueous layers were back extracted with EtOAc (25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (0.214 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 25 g, eluted with 3:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give tert-butyl 6-(2-azidoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.184 g) in 94% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.51, 2.99-3.10, 3.60, 3.66-3.84, 4.26, 7.14, 7.21, 7.27, 7.51; MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₂₅N₅O₂ m/z 356.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 42 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-azidoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.174 g, 0.490 mmol) was dissolved in 1:1 EtOAc:EtOH (4 mL). 10% Pd/C (0.0543 g) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred at rt under H₂ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the celite pad was carefully washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl 6-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.153 g) in 95% crude yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.51, 2.99-3.10, 3.67-3.80, 4.17, 7.12, 7.19, 7.32, 7.50.

Example 160 Preparation of 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethanamine dihydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0336 g, 0.102 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) at rt. CF₃CO₂H (1 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (2 mL). HCl in Et₂O (1 N) and MeOH were added and the mixture was concentrated to give crude 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethanamine dihydrochloride (0.0339 g). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMF-d₇) δ 3.48-3.51, 3.53-3.59, 3.65-3.70, 3.75-3.79, 4.94, 7.27, 7.35, 7.72, 7.91; MS (ESI+) for C₁₄H₁₉N₃ m/z 230.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 43 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-{2-[(anilinocarbonyl)amino]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0399 g, 0.121 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2 mL) at rt under N₂. Phenyl isocyanate (0.016 g mL, 0.0173 g, 0.145 mmol, 1.20 equiv.) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude product (0.0598 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 25 g, eluted with 3:2 hexane:EtOAc) to give tert-butyl 6-{2-[(anilinocarbonyl)amino]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0390 g) in 72% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.36, 1.44, 2.96-3.08, 3.42-3.51, 3.65-3.72, 4.17, 4.23, 5.14, 5.23, 6.94-7.30, 7.43-7.49; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₃₂N₄O₃ m/z 449.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 161 Preparation of N-phenyl-N′-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]urea hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-{2-[(anilinocarbonyl)amino]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0390 g, 0.0869 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) at rt. CF₃CO₂H (1 mL) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 45 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (2 mL). 1 N HCl in Et₂O (2 mL) was added and the precipitated salt was collected by filtration. N-Phenyl-N′-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]urea hydrochloride (0.0296 g) was obtained in 88% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.19-3.22, 3.35-3.38, 3.43-3.53, 4.35, 6.97-7.03, 7.07, 7.17, 7.25-7.27, 7.44, 7.48; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₄N₄O m/z 349.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 44 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[2-(benzoylamino)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-amninoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0401 g, 0.122 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2 mL) at rt under N₂. Diisopropylethylamine (0.028 mL, 0.0205 g, 0.158 mmol, 1.30 equiv.) and benzoyl chloride (0.017 mL, 0.0205 g, 0.146 mmol, 1.20 equiv.) were added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 19 h. Citric acid (10%) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc and the organic layer was washed sequentially with 10% citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (0.056 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 25 g, eluted with 1:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give tert-butyl 6-[2-(benzoylamino)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0398 g) in 75% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.45, 1.48, 2.96-3.05, 3.60-3.70, 3.74, 4.36-4.42, 6.29, 7.10-7.19, 7.31-7.43, 7.46-7.53, 7.63; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₃₁N₃O₃ m/z 434.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 162 Preparation of N-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]benzaride hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-[2-(benzoylarino)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0398 g, 0.0918 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) at rt. CF₃CO₂H (1 mL) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (2 mL). HCl (1N) in Et₂O (2 mL) was added and the precipitated salt was collected by filtration. N-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]benzamide hydrochloride (0.0271 g) was obtained in 79% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.18-3.21, 3.33-3.38, 3.42-3.49, 3.69, 4.44, 7.05, 7.15, 7.38-7.54, 7.60, 7.60, 8.55-8.59; MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₃N₃O m/z 334.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 45 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0403 g, 0.122 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2 mL) at rt under N₂. Diisopropylethylamine (0.043 mL, 0.0316 g, 0.245 mmol, 2.00 equiv.) and benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.023 mL, 0.0324 g, 0. 183 mmol, 1.50 equiv.) were added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 19 h. Citric acid (10%) was added and the reaction rmixture was stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was washed sequentially with 10% citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (0.0649 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 25 g, eluted with 2:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give tert-butyl 6-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0430 g) in 75% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.46, 1.52, 2.95-3.02, 3.22-3.30, 3.63-3.75, 4.24-4.31, 4.63, 4.79, 7.09-7.26, 7.45-7.51, 7.48, 7.58, 7.79; MS (ESI+) for C₂₅H₃₁N₃O₄S m/z 470.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 163 Preparation of N-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.0430 g, 0.0916 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) at rt. CF₃CO₂H (1 mL) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (2 mL). HCl in Et₂O (1N) (2 mL) was added and the precipitated salt was collected by filtration. N-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-ethyl]benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride (0.0335 g) was obtained in 90% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.16, 3.19-3.23, 3.37-3.41, 3.44-3.47, 3.53-3.57, 4.34, 7.08, 7.15, 7.32, 7.49, 7.52, 7.61, 7.77; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₃N₃O₂S m/z 370.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 46 Preparation of 3-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)propanoic acid

Sodium hydride (0.302 g, 7.55 mmol, 2.16 equiv., 60% dispersion) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.00 g, 3.49 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) at rt under N₂ and the mixture was stirred for 1.66 h. β-Propiolactone (0.55 mL, 0.629 g, 8.73 mmol, 2.5 equiv.) was added in four portions over 1 h, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 72 h at rt. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (50 mL) and 10% citric acid (25 mL), and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with 10% citric acid. The combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (2.27 g) was dissolved in CH₃OH (30 mL) , then water (5 mL) and K₂CO₃ (2.10 g. 15.2 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layer was extracted with 10% aq. Na₂CO₃ (2×50 mL) and 1N NaOH (2×50 mL). The combined aqueous layers were made acidic (pH=2) by the addition of 2.9 M HCl and 10% aq. citric acid. The acidified aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The organic extracts were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (1.06 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 109 g, eluted with 4% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ followed by 10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to give 3-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)propanoic acid (0.796 g) in 63% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.51 (s, 9H), 2.78, 2.99-3.08, 3.67-3.81, 4.42, 7.13, 7.20, 7.31, 7.49, 10.48; MS (ESI+) for C₂₀H₂₆N₂O₄ m/z 359.3 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 47 Preparation of tert-butyl 6-[3-(4-methoxyanilino)-3-oxopropyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

3-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)propanoic acid (0.105 g, 0.292 mmol), p-anisidine (0.0377 g, 0.306 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) and dimethylaminopyridine (0.0357 g, 0.292 mmol, 1.00 equiv.) were dissolved in THF at rt under N₂. Diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.0503 mL, 0.0405 g, 0.321 mmol, 1.00 equiv.) was added, then the reaction mixture was stirred for 29 h. The reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc and washed with 10% aq. citric acid (2×), saturated aq. NaHCO₃ (2×) and brine (1×). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (0.1686 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 25 g, eluted with 9:1 toluene: acetone) to give tert-butyl 6-[3-(4-methoxyanilino)-3-oxopropyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.113 g) in 84% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.47, 2.68-2.76, 2.95-3.08, 3.56-3.70, 3.79, 4.53, 6.83, 7.12-7.54; MS (ESI+) for C₂₇H₃₃N₃O₄ m/z 464.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 164 Preparation of N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)propanamide hydrochloride

tert-butyl 6-[3-(4-methoxyanilino)-3-oxopropyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.110 g, 0.238 mmol) was disolved in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL, 2.96 g, 26.0 mmol, 109 equiv.) was added. The resulting solution was stirred at rt for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 1N NaOH. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (0.0805 g) was combined with EtOAc (2 mL), and 1M HCl in Et₂O (2 mL) and the salt was collected by filtration. The salt was dried under vacuum over P₂O₅. N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)propanamide hydrochloride (0.0796 g) was obtained in 84% yield. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.76, 3.13-3.17, 3.28-3.39, 3.74, 4.55, 6.82, 7.08, 7.18, 7.26, 7.44, 7.47; MS (ESI+) for C₂₂H₂₅N₃O₂ m/z 364.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 48 Preparation of 2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

This compound was prepared by the reaction of tryptamine and N-carboethoxyphthalinide: TLC R_(f)=0.36 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (ESI+) m/z 291.0.

Preparation 49 Preparation of 2-[2-[2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

To a solution of 2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)dione (3.77 g, 13.0 mmol) in dry THF (0.13 L) under argon was added NEt₃ (1.84 mL, 13.0 mmol). This mixture was cooled to −78° C., and neat t-BuOCl (1.54 mL, 13.0 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at −78° C. A solution of 9-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)9-bora-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (40 mmol) in hexanes was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h at −78° C. It was quenched with 1 M aq HCl, and permitted to warm to rt overnight. The reaction mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The CH₂Cl₂ extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated to give an oil. The oil was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.36 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (ESI+) m/z 381.2, 359.2; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.91 (1H), 7.88-7.69 (5H), 7.29 (1H), 7.10 (2H), 6.18 (1H), 5.25 (2H), 3.95 (2H), 3.16 (2H), 1.61 (6H).

Preparation 50 Preparation of 2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1H-indole-3ethanamine

To a solution of 2-[2-[2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1.10 g, 3.07 mmol) in 3:1 MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) at rt under argon was added N₂H₄.H₂O (0.52 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with CHCl₃, then extracted with H₂O. The CHCl₃ layer was separated. The H₂O layer was extracted further with CHCl₃. The combined CHCl₃ extracts were washed, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound: MS (ESI+) m/z 229.2.

Preparation 51 Preparation of N-[2-[2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]-carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester

To a solution of 2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1H-indole-3-ethanamine (0.707 g, 3.07 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) at 0° C. under argon was added NEt₃ (0.98 mL, 6.93 mmol) and BnOC(O)Cl (1.10 mL, 7.32 mmol). The reaction was permitted to warm to rt while stirring overnight. It was diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and extracted with cold H₂O. The CH₂Cl₂ layer was separated. The H₂O layer was re-extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined CH₂Cl₂ extracts were washed with satd aq NaHCO₃ and brine, dried, filtered and concentrated to give an oil. This oil was purified by silica chromatography to provide the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.34 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (EI) m/z 362.3, 254, 211, 198, 182. 168, 167, 108, 91, 77, 65, 51; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.89 (1H), 7.56 (1H), 7.33-7.26 (6H), 7.10 (2H), 6.12 (1H), 5.18-5.12 (2H), 5.12 (2H), 4.87 (1H), 3.47 (2H), 3.07 (2H), 1.53 (6H).

Preparation 52 Preparation of (±)-N-[2-[2-(2,3-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethylpropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester

To a solution of N-[2-[2(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]-carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester (0.511 g, 1.41 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (0.187 g, 1.59 mmol) in 1:1 acetone/H₂O (14.2 mL) was added OsO₄ as a 39 mM solution in tBuOH (2.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at rt. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of 7.1 mL of an aqueous slurry of Na₂S₂O₄ (0.088 g) and Florisil® (0.881 g). The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was acidified to pH 4 with dilute aq H₂SO₄, and concentrated. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to pH 2 with H₂SO₄. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give an oil. The oil was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.21 (4:1 EtOAc/hexanes); MS (ESI+) m/z 419.2, 397.2; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.80 (1H), 7.52 (1H), 7.33-7.26 (6H), 7.16-7.06 (2H), 5.04 (1H), 5.04 (2H), 4.11 (1H), 3.85 (1H), 3.69 (1H), 3.46 (1H), 3.31 (2H), 3.10 (2H), 2.04 (1H), 1.47 (6H).

Preparation 53 Preparation of N-[2-[2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]-carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester

To a solution of (±)-N-[2-[2-(2,3-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethylpropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]-carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester (0.323 g, 0.81 mol) in 1:1 acetone/CH₂Cl₂ (19.5 mL) was added NaIO₄ (0.350 g, 1.64 mmol) in H₂O (2.2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h at rt. Solid Na₂SO₄ was added. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The CH₂Cl₂ extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated to an oil. This oil was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.31 (1:1 heptane/EtOAc); MS (ESI+) m/z 365.2; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.56 (1H), 8.11 (1H), 7.64 (1H), 7.37 (5H), 7.21 (1H), 7.13 (1H), 5.14 (2H), 4.92 (1H), 3.45 (2H), 2.95 (2H), 1.60 (6H).

Example 165 Preparation of 5,5-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrogen chloride salt

A suspension of N-[2-[2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl]carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester (0.200 g, 0.55 mol) and 10% Pd/C (0.080 g) in MeOH (40 mL) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 2 h. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was taken up in MeOH (2 mL), and a solution of HCl in Et₂O was added. The precipitate was collected and triturated with Et₂O. The solid was dried to give the title compound: MS (FAB) m/z 216.2, 215.2, 214.2, 213.1, 186.1, 184.1, 177.0, 172.1; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃SOCD₃) δ 10.88 (1H), 9.54 (1H), 7.42 (1H), 7.32 (1H), 7.04 (1H), 6.97 (1H), 3.61 (2H), 3.39 (4H), 3.10 (2H), 1.44 (6H); Anal. C, 62.92; H, 7.34; N, 10.11.

Preparation 54 Preparation of 4-chloro-3-(1H)-indoleglyoxylic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of 4-chloroindole (5.00 g, 33.0 mmol) in dry THF (0.2 L), at 0° C. under argon was added (COCl)₂ (3.6 mL, 40.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight while warming to rt, cooled to 0° C., and EtOH (4 mL, 69 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight, then partitioned between cold 0.2 M aq HCl and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was separated and re-extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc extracts were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. The extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated to give a solid. The solid was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.40 (19:1 CH₂Cl₂/Me₂CO); MS (ESI+) m/z 274.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.22 (1H), 8.26 (1H), 7.36 (1H), 7.31 (1H), 7.22 (1H), 4.71 (2H), 1.41 (3H).

Preparation 55 Preparation of 2-(4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol

To a solution of 4-chloro-3-(1H)-indoleglyoxylic acid ethyl ester (7.04 g, 30.0 mmol) in dry THF (0.4 L), at 0° C. under argon was added portionwise LiAlH₄ (5.4 g, 135.2 mmol). The suspension was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min and at reflux for 3.5 h, cooled to 0° C., and water (17.6 mL) was added. It was stirred for 10 min, and then diluted with EtOAc. The reaction mixture was filtered. The solid was washed with EtOAc. The combined EtOAc portions were washed with water and brine, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.38 (9:1 CH₂Cl₂/Me₂CO); MS (ESI−) m/z 194.0; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 138.02, 126.42, 124.21, 124.12, 122.70, 120.61, 112.63, 110.06, 63.59, 29.78.

Preparation 56 Preparation of 3-(2-azidoethyl)-4-chloro-1-H-indole

To a mixture of 2-(4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol (5.35 g, 27.3 mmol), PPh₃ (14.35 g, 54.7 mmol), and Zn(N₃)₂.pyr₂ (12.1 g, 41.0 mmol) in PhCH₃ (0.14 L) was added iPrO₂CNNCO₂iPr (10.78 mL, 54.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3.5 h at rt, then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.64 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (ESI−) m/z 219.0; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 137.80, 126.16, 124.07, 123.90, 122.78, 120.64, 112.73, 110.07, 52.74, 26.21.

Preparation 57 Preparation of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-4-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl]-propanedioic acid dimethyl ester

To a solution of 3-(2-azidoethyl)-4-chloro-1H-indole (4.25 g, 19.3 mmol) and NEt₃ (3.00 mL, 21.3 mmol) in THF (0.11 L) at −78° C. under argon was added dropwise tBuOCl (2.51 mL, 21.2 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 min at −78° C. A solution of 1 M ZnCl₂ in Et₂O (4.1 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 min at −78° C. A solution of lithiodimethyl malonate (23.1 mmol) in THF/hexanes (50 mL) was added at −78° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 60 min. at −78° C., stirred at rt overnight, then diluted with cold H₂O. The mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The combined Et₂O extracts were washed with H₂O, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.44 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (ESI−) 349.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.14 (1H), 7.25 (1H), 7.07 (2H), 5.10 (1H), 3.81 (6H), 3.57 (2H), 3.23 (2H).

Preparation 58 Preparation of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-4-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl]-2-mnethylpropanedioic acid dimethyl ester

To a solution of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-4-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl]-propanedioic acid dimethyl ester (19.3 mmol) in dry MeOH (0.1 L) at 0° C. under argon was added a 25% NaOMe in MeOH (4.37 mL, 19.11 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, and MeI (1.82 mL, 29.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred briefly at rt, and then was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was taken up with cold H₂O. This mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The combined Et₂O extracts were washed with H₂O, dried, filtered, and concentrated to an oil. This oil was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.50 (CH₂Cl₂), MS (ESI+) 387.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz CDCl₃) δ 9.95 (1H), 7.27 (1H), 7.07 (2H), 3.83 (6H), 3.48 (2H), 3.15 (2H), 1.94 (3H).

Preparation 59 Preparation of (±)-10-chloro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one

To a solution of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-4-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl]-2-methylpropanedioic acid dimethyl ester (2.07 g, 5.67 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL) under argon at rt was added 1 M PMe₃ in THF (9.7 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at rt. Water (9.7 mL) was added. After 1.5 h at rt, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The CH₂Cl₂ extracts were combined, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give the amine as an oil. This oil was dissolved in MeOH. This solution was refluxed under N₂ for 42 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 1 M aq LiOH (28.5 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 47 h. It was concentrated, and the residue was taken up in EtOAc. The EtOAc solution was extracted with H₂O, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.25 (4:1 CH₂Cl₂/acetone); MS (ESI−) 247.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.16 (1H), 7.18 (1H), 6.99 (2H), 6.12 (1H), 4.29 (1H), 3.83 (1H), 3.55 (1H), 3.36 (2H), 1.64 (3H).

Preparation 60 Preparation of (R)-10-chloro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one

The racemate (0.70 g) was resolved by chiral support chromatography. Portions of the racemate (0.35 g dissolved in 20 mL of 3:1 iPrOH/THF) were injected onto a preparative Chiralcel OD™ column equilibrated at 30° C. with 800:200:1 heptane/iPrOH/Et₃N. From the injections were recovered the faster eluting S-enantiomer and the R-enantiomer. Analytical HPLC analysis (t_(R)=11.9 min on a Chiralcel™ OD-H at a 0.4 mL min⁻¹ flow rate of 1000:1 EtOH/Et₂NH) gave an ee of 91%: UV λ_(max) nm (ε, L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹) 284 (6840); CD λ_(max) nm (θ, deg·cm²·dmol⁻¹) 300 (6700), 289 (7000), 279 (6500).

Preparation 61 Preparation of (S)-10-Chloro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one

Analytical HPLC analysis (t_(R)=11.2 min on a Chiralcel™ OD-H at a 0.4 mL min⁻¹ flow rate of 1000:1 EtOH/Et₂NH) gave an ee of >99%: UV λ_(max) nm (ε, L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹) 284 (7560); CD λ_(max) nm (θ, deg·cm²·dmol⁻¹) 300 (−8200), 289 (−8800), 279 (−8500).

Example 166 Preparation of (R)-10-chloro-5-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (E)-butenedioic acid salt

A solution of 1 M iBu₂AlH in CH₂Cl₂ (15.3 mL) was mixed with dry THF (10 mL) at −78° C. After stirring this mixture for 5 min, a solution of (R)-10-chloro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one (0.251 g, 1.01 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt, stirred at rt for 7 days, cooled to 0° C., then quenched by the addition of MeOH (4.5 mL). The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and 1 M aq KO₂CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO₂Na. This mixture was stirred for 1 h. The CH₂Cl₂ layer was separated. The aqueous mixture was extracted further with CH₂Cl₂. The combined CH₂Cl₂ extracts were washed with brine, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give an oil. This oil was purified by silica chromatography to give the amine. A solution of this amine (0.087 g, 0.37 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (4 mL) was mixed at rt with a solution of fumaric acid (0.021 g, 0.185 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h, then concentrated. The solid residue was taken up in hot MeOH (14 mL), that upon standing at rt for 3 days yielded 0.048 g (0.164 mmol, 38%) of the title compound as a crystalline tancolored solid: MS (EI) m/z 234, 205, 204, 199, 194, 192, 190, 155, 154, 77; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃SOCD₃) δ 11.14 (1H), 7.23 (1H), 6.94 (2H), 6.43 (1H), 3.52-2.83 (8H), 1.31 (3H); Anal. C, 60.62; H, 6.62; N, 9.27.

Example 167 Preparation of (S)-10-chloro-5-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (E)-butenedioic acid salt

The crystalline salt was prepared as described for (R)-10-chloro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one in Example 166. These crystals occupy the monoclinic space group P21 with Z=4. The absolute configuration was determined as S by single crystal x-ray analysis. Intensity data from a 0.50∞0.22∞0.08 mm pale yellow plate crystal were measured at 153° K, on a Brucker SMART 6000™ area detector using graphite monochromatized copper radiation [λ(CuKα)=1.5418 Å]. All reflections to a resolution of 0.90, and their Freidel equivalents, were measured (3533 reflections total) and face-indexed absorption corrections were applied. The structure was solved, and the data were refined, using the SHELXTL™ computer program. The final agreement index R was 0.0508 for all reflections. The Flack parameter was −0.030 (0.016). A Flack parameter within 3 standard deviations of zero indicates the correct assignment of absolute configuration (the opposite enantiomer should have a Flack value of one). Refinement of the coordinates for the other enantiomer gave an R value of 0.065 and a Flack value of 0.973(0.025), verifying the assignment of absolute configurations: mp 276-278° C.; MS (ESI) m/z 237.0, 235.0; Anal. C, 61.05; H, 5.95; N, 9.41.

Preparation 62 Preparation of 6-fluoro-3-indoleglyoxylic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of 6-fluoroindole (1.18 g, 8.56 mmol) in dry THF (65 mL) at 0° C. under argon was added (COCl)₂ (0.93 mL, 10.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h and at rt for 15 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and EtOH (0.90 mL, 15.5 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h, then poured into cold satd NaHCO₃. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with satd aq NaHCO₃ and brine, dried, and evaporated to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.48 (19:1 CH₂Cl₂/Me₂CO); MS (ESI−) m/z 234.0; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 10.95 (1H), 8.38 (1H), 8.31 (1H), 7.07 (1H), 4.37 (2H), 1.39 (3H).

Preparation 63 Preparation of 2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol

To a solution of 6fluoro-3-indoleglyoxylic acid ethyl ester (2.01 g, 8.55 mmol) in dry THF (0. 11 L) at 0° C. under argon was added LiAlH₄ (1.68 g, 44.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 h, cooled to 0° C., and treated with H₂O (1.7 mL), 15% aq KOH (1.7 mL), and H₂O (5 mL). The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with EtOAc, and washed with H₂O and brine. The EtOAc solution was dried, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.33 (9:1 CH₂Cl₂/Me₂CO); MS (ESI−) m/z 178.0; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 8.38 (1H), 7.49 (1H), 7.01-6.63 (3H), 3.90 (2H), 2.99 (2H), 2.23 (1H).

Preparation 64 Preparation of 3-(2-azidoethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indole

To a mixture of 2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol (3.16 g, 17.6 mmol), PPh₃ (9.26 g, 35.3 mmol), and Zn(N₃)₂.(pyridine)₂ (7.80 g, 26.5 mmol) in dry PhCH₃ (0.08 L) at rt was added iPrO₂CNNCO₂iPr (7.0 mL, 35.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h, concentrated to a residue, then purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.63 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (ESI−) m/z 203.0; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 8.03 (1H), 7.50 (1H), 7.06 (2H), 6.91 (1H), 3.56 (2H), 3.04 (2H).

Preparation 65 Preparation of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl]-propanedioic acid dimethyl ester

To a solution of 3-(2-azidoethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indole (4.77 g, 23.3 mmol) and NEt₃ (3.63 mL, 25.8 mmol) in dry THF (0.13 L) at −78° C. under argon was added tBuOCl (3.04 mL, 26.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at −78° C. A solution of 1 M ZnCl₂ in Et₂O (5.0 mL) was added. After 15 min a solution of dimethyl lithiomalonate (28.1 mmol in THF/hexanes) was added. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h and at rt overnight, diluted with cold water, then extracted with Et₂O. The Et₂O extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.46 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (ESI−) m/z 333.1; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 8.97 (1H), 7.45 (1H), 7.05 (1H), 6.89 (1H), 5.02 (1H), 3.80 (6H), 3.50 (2H), 2.97 (2H).

Preparation 66 Preparation of 8-fluoro-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one

A suspension of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl]-propanedioic acid dimethyl ester (2.05 g, 6.13 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.69 g) in MeOH (0.15 L) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 2 h. The mixture was filtered. The MeOH solution was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, and most of the MeOH solvent was evaporated. The mixture was purified by silica chromatography (steps of 4:1 to 7:3 CH₂Cl₂/Me₂CO) to give the carboxylactam. To a solution of the carboxylactam (1.37 g, 4.11 mmol) in MeOH (0.2 L) at rt under N₂ was added a solution of 1 M aq LiOH.H₂O (21 mL). The mixture was refluxed overnight, and then concentrated. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The EtOAc extracts were filtered and concentrated to give a solid, that was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.14 (9:1 CH₂Cl₂/satd NH₃ in MeOH); MS (ESI−) m/z 217.0 [M−H]⁻; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 9.53 (1H), 7.24 (1H), 6.94 (1H), 6.74 (1H), 6.35 (1H), 3.79 (2H), 3.60 (2H), 2.85 (2H).

Example 168 Preparation of 8-Fluoro-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole 0.5 (E)-butenedioic acid salt

To a flask containing THF (10 mL) at −78° C. under argon was added a 1 M solution of iBu₂AlH in CH₂Cl₂ (16.3 mL). After 5 min, a solution of 8-fluoro-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one (0. 175 g, 0.80 mmol) in THF (16 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt, stirred for 48 h, cooled to 0° C., then quenched with MeOH (4.5 mL). It was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and aqueous 1 M KO₂CC(OH)C(OH)CO₂Na. The CH₂Cl₂ extracts were washed with brine, dried, filtered, and concentrated to give a solid. The solid was purified by silica chromatography (92.5:7.5 CH₂Cl₂/satd NH₃ in MeOH) to give the free amine. A solution of this amine (0.094 g, 0.46 mmol) in dry MeOH (4.0 mL) at rt under argon was mixed with a solution of fumaric acid (0.027 g, 0.23 mmol) in dry MeOH (2.2 mL). The turbid solution was stirred overnight at rt. The MeOH was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in hot MeOH, and the salt was permitted to crystallize. The crystalline salt was collected: mp 266° C.; MS (ESI+) m/z 205.1; ¹H NMR (CD₃SOCD₃, 300 MHz) δ 10.94 (1H), 7.34 (1H), 7.00 (1H), 6.77 (1H), 6.40 (1H), 3.11 (4H), 2.91 (4H); Anal. C, 63.90; H, 5.83; N, 10.63.

Preparation 67 Preparation of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl]-2-methylpropanedioic acid dimethyl ester

To a solution of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl]-propanedioic acid dimethyl ester (37 mmol) in dry MeOH (0.25 L) at 0° C. under argon was added a solution of 25% NaOMe in MeOH (8.56 mL, 37.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0° C. MeI (3.56 mL, 56.6 mmol) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 42 h, cooled, and concentrated. The residue was partitioned between H₂O and Et₂O. The Et₂O extracts were washed with H₂O, dried, and concentrated to an oil. This oil was purified by silica chromatography to give the title compound: TLC R_(f)=0.50 (CH₂Cl₂); MS (ESI+) m/z 371.1; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 9.63 (1H), 7.44 (1H), 7.05 (1H), 6.97 (1H), 3.82 (6H), 3.44 (2H), 2.94 (2H), 1.93 (3H).

Preparation 68 Preparation of (±)-8-fluoro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one

A mixture of 2-[3-(2-azidoethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl]-2-methylpropanedioic acid dimethyl ester (3.10 g, 8.90 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.87 g) in MeOH (0.2 L) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was refluxed for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the carboxylactam. A solution of the carboxylactam (2.08 g, 5.96 mmol) in MeOH (0.27 L), and a 1 M LiOH.H₂O in MeOH solution (0.030 L), were combined at rt. The mixture was refluxed for 42 h, cooled, and concentrated. The MeOH solution was diluted with H₂O, and the aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc extracts were concentrated to give the title compound: MS (ESI−) m/z 231.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.04 (1H), 7.31 (1H), 7.10 (1H), 6.86 (1H), 6.16 (1H), 4.24 (1H), 3.86 (1H), 3.58 (1H), 2.96 (2H), 1.64 (3H).

Preparation 69 Preparation of (R)-8-fluoro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one

The racemate was resolved by chiral support chromatography. Portions of the racemate (0.2 g dissolved in 10 mL of 3:1 iPrOH/THF) were injected onto a preparative Chiralcel OD™ column equilibrated at 30° C. with 800:200:1 heptane/iPrOH/Et₃N. Assignment of absolute configurations to the separated enantiomers was made by comparison of the CD spectra to those of the 10-chloro structures. Analytical HPLC analysis (t_(R)=17.2 min on a Chiralcel™ OD-H at a 0.5 mL min⁻¹ flow rate of 800:200:1 hepane/iPrOH/Et₂NH) gave an ee of 97%: UV λ_(max) nm (ε, L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹) 284 (4740); CD λ_(max) nm (θ, deg·cm²·dmol⁻¹) 298 (3700), 273 (4400).

Preparation 70 Preparation of (S)-8-fluoro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one

Analytical HPLC analysis (t_(R)=15.2 min on a Chiralcel™ OD-H at a 0.5 mL min⁻¹ flow rate of 800:200:1 hepane/iPrOH/Et₂NH) gave an ee of >99%: UV λ_(max) nm (ε, L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹) 292 (4540); CD λ_(max) nm (θ, deg·cm²·dmol⁻¹) 297 (−3000), 273 (−4000).

Example 169 Preparation of (R)8-fluoro-5-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole 0.5 (E)-butenedioic acid salt

To an oven-dried flask containing dry THF (10 mL) under argon at −78° C. was added a 1 M solution of (iBu)₂AlH in CH₂Cl₂ (16.3 mL). This mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 5 min. To this was (R)-8-fluoro-5-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(1H)-one (0.236 g, 1.02 mmol) in dry THF (16 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 72 h, cooled to 0° C., then quenched by the addition of MeOH (4.5 mL). The mixture was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and 1 M aq NaO₂CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO₂K. The CH₂Cl₂ extracts were washed with brine, and dried, filtered and concentrated to give an oil. The oil was purified by silica chromatography to give the amine. To a solution of this amine (0.105 g, 0.48 mmol) in dry MeOH (4 mL) was added fumaric acid (0.028 g, 0.24 mmol) in MeOH (2.2 mL) The mixture was stirred overnight, concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in hot MeOH from which crystalline product was recovered: mp 256-258° C.; MS (ESI+) m/z 219.1; ¹H NMR (CD₃SOCD₃, 300 MHz) δ 10.83 (1H), 9.3-8.5 (2H), 7.35 (1H), 7.01 (1H), 6.78 (1H), 6.43 (1H), 3.22-2.70 (8H), 1.30 (3H); Anal. C, 64.94; H, 6.27; N, 10.07.

Example 170 Preparation of (S)-8-fluoro-5-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole 0.5 (E)-butenedioic acid salt

This salt was prepared by the method taught for the R-enantiomer in Example 169: mp 254-256° C.; MS (ESI+) m/z 219.1; Anal. C, 64.83; H, 6.23; N, 10.05.

Example 171 2-(7-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.51, 7.47, 7.34, 6.98, 7.90, 5.53, 3.78, 3.51, 3.24. MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₂BrN₃O₂ m/z 428.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 172 N-pyridin-2-yl-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 8.30, 8.05, 7.76, 7.49, 7.32, 7.16-7.06, 5.10, 3.27-3.23, 3.11-3.04. MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₂₀N₄O m/z 321.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 173 N-pyridin-3-yl-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride in 30% yield. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 8.74, 8.28, 8.11, 7.46, 7.40, 7.29, 7.13, 7.05, 5.04, 3.16-3.10, 3.05-2.99; MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₂₀N₄O m/z 321.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 71 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.34 g, 8.5 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (2.00 g, 5.63 mmol) in DMF (30 mL). After 20 min, ethyl bromoacetate (1.25 mL, 11.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 4 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with heptane/EtOAc (3:1) to give 2.10 g (84%) of a pale yellow solid: mp 137.5-139.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2985, 1742, 1687, 1473, 1411, 1377, 1367, 1341, 1318, 1249, 1218, 1193, 1167, 1118, 922 cm⁻¹; MS (CI) m/z 441 (M+H⁺), 404, 402, 387, 385, 343, 341, 339, 307, 52, 5 1; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₆Cl₂N₂O₄: C, 57.15; H, 5.94; N, 6.35; found: C, 57.13; H, 6.05; N, 6.24.

Preparation 72 Preparation of [3-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid

A solution of KOH (0.17 g, 3.0 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.00 g, 2.27 mmol) in THF (15 mL). The mixture was heated at 60° C. for 2 h. The reaction was then cooled to rt, acidified with 10% aqueous HCl, and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give crude acid (1.03 g, 110%): ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 1.47 (s, 9H); MS (ESI+) m/z 410.9.

Preparation 73 Preparation of tert-Butyl 6-(2-anilino-2-oxoethyl)-8,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

DMAP (60 mg, 0.49 mmol), aniline (0.050 mL, 0.55 mmol) and DIC (0.084 mL, 0.54 mmol) were added to the solution of crude [3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) in dry THF (2.5 mL). After 18 h, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc followed by washing with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was first purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S, SIM) with CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc (98:2) to give 0.12 g of impure product. Then, crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 91 mg (39%) of a white solid: mp 172.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3288, 1699, 1661, 1602, 1550, 1498, 1472, 1442, 1421, 1367, 1309, 1298, 1268, 1252, 1162 cm⁻¹; MS (CI) m/z 488 (M+H⁺), 390, 388, 354, 153, 152, 136, 95, 93, 52, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₂N₃O₃: C, 61.48; H, 5.57; N, 8.60; found: C, 61.49; H, 5.67; N, 8.51.

Example 174 Preparation of 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-phenylacetamide hydrochloride

TFA (0.10 mL, 1.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 6-(2-anilino-2-oxoethyl)-8,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (60 mg, 0.12 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL). The reaction was quenched with 10% aqueous NaOH (5 mL) after 2 h and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give 46 mg of crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 32 mg (62%) of a pale yellow solid: mp 292-297.5° C. (dec); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2960, 2883, 2817, 2805, 2769, 2715, 1682, 1601, 1550, 1498, 1466, 1447, 1313, 869, 759 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) 7m/z 387 (M⁺), 347, 345, 188, 166, 92, 78, 76, 74, 66, 51; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₀H₁₉Cl₂N₃O+H 388.0983, found 388.0973; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₁₉Cl₂N₃O.HCl: C, 56.55; H, 4.75; N, 9.89; found: C, 56.78; H, 5.04; N, 9.50.

Preparation 74 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(4-methoxyanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

DMAP (60 mg, 0.49 mmol), p-anisidine (66 mg, 0.54 mmol) and DIC (0.084 mL, 0.54 mmol) were added to the solution of crude [3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) in dry THF (2.5 mL). After 18 h, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was first purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S, SIM) with CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc (gradient, 99:1 to 95:5) to give 81 mg of impure product. Then, crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 73 mg (29%) of a white solid: mp 151-151.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3288, 1695, 1661, 1550, 1513, 1473, 1422, 1367, 1318, 1269, 1250, 1172, 1161, 1118, 831 cm⁻¹; MS (CI) m/z 518 (M+H⁺), 222, 221, 220, 167, 166, 124, 59, 58, 52, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₂₉Cl₂N₃O₄: C, 60.24; H, 5.64; N, 8.10; found: C, 60.23; H, 5.73; N, 8.10.

Example 175 Preparation of 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide hydrochloride

TFA (0.25 mL, 3.2 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(4-methoxyanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (50 mg, 0.096 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3.0 mL). After 1.5 h, the reaction was quenched with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ and EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 39 mg of a crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 22 mg (50%) of off-white crystals: mp 294-299° C. (dec); IR (diffuse reflectance) 3248, 2964, 2959, 2907, 2883, 2855, 2840, 2820, 2772, 1676, 1549, 1511, 1466, 1251, 823 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 417 (M⁺), 389, 387, 375, 238, 224, 162, 136, 134, 127, 108; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₁Cl₂N₃O₂.HCl: C, 55.46; H, 4.88; N, 9.24; found: C, 55.37; H, 4.80; N, 9.15.

Preparation 75 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

DMAP (60 mg, 0.49 mmol), 2,3-dimethylaniline (0.065 mL, 0.53 mmol) and DIC (0.084 mL, 0.54 mmol) were added to the solution of crude [3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) in dry THF (2.5 mL). After 18 h, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc followed by washing with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was first purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S, SIM) with CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc (98:2) to give 0.13 g of impure product. Then, crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 96 mg (38%) of a white solid: mp 186-187.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3290, 2977, 2939, 1692, 1681, 1662, 1538, 1471, 1450, 1412, 1366, 1338, 1282, 1235, 1163 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 515 (M⁺), 375, 373, 226, 225, 223, 120, 84, 76, 56, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₇H₃₁Cl₂N₃O₃: C, 62.79; H, 6.05; N, 8.14; found: C, 62.60; H, 6.04; N, 8.07.

Example 176 Preparation of 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide hydrochloride

TFA (0.25 mL, 3.2 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (50 mg, 0.097 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3.0 mL). After 1.5 h, the reaction was quenched with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give 41 mg of a crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 25 mg (56%) of pale yellow needles: mp 289-293° C. (dec); IR (diffuse reflectance) 3278, 2973, 2954, 2801, 2747, 2721, 2689, 2633, 1656, 1536, 1466, 1448, 1427, 1293, 870 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 415 (M⁺), 374, 372, 224, 119, 84, 77, 73, 63, 61, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₂₃Cl₂N₃O.HCl: C, 58.35; H, 5.34; N, 9.28; found: C, 58.10; H, 5.36; N, 9.17.

Preparation 76 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.10 g; 0.28 mmol) in DMF (2 mL), sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 17 mg, 0.42 mmol) was added. After 15 min, ethyl bromoacetate (0.060 mL, 0.56 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 2.5 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (3:1) to give 85 mg (70%) of a white solid: mp 136.5-138.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.19 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (s, 2H), 4.21 (dd, J=7.1, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (m, 4H), 3.53 (m, 2H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2985, 2976, 1737, 1685, 1466, 1450, 1414, 1367, 1344, 1249, 1213, 1169, 1156, 1115, 926 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z ⁴⁴⁰ (M⁺), 307, 305, 301, 299, 298, 272, 225, 189, 58, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₆Cl₂N₂O₄: C, 57.15; H, 5.94; N, 6.35; found: C, 57.16; H, 5.98; N, 6.27.

Preparation 77 Preparation of [3-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-9,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.5 g, 3.4 mmol) in THF (15 mL), a solution of KOH (25 mg, 4.4 mmol) dissolved in H₂O (10 mL) was added and heated to 60° C. The reaction was cooled to rt after 2 h. The reaction was made acidic with 10% aqueous HCl and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and the crude acid was concentrated: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 13.11 (br s, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 3.62 (m, 4H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₉H₂₂Cl₂N₂O₄+H 413.1035, found 413.1050.

Preparation 78 Preparation of tert-Butyl 6-(2-anilino-2-oxoethyl)-9,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

DMAP (60 mg, 0.49 mmol), aniline (0.050 mL, 0.55 mmol) and DIC (0.084 mL, 0.54 mmol) were added to the solution of crude [3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-9,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) in dry THF (2.5 mL). After 24 h, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc followed by washing with 10% aqueous citric acid (20 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL), and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was first purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S, SIM) with CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc and yielded 0.16 g of impure product. Then, crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 90 mg (37%) of a white solid; mp 208.5-210.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.45 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (m, 3H), 7.07 (m, 1H), 5.08 (br s, 2H), 3.63 (m, 4H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 1.40 (app d, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 3275, 1693, 1671, 1602, 1554, 1449, 1409, 1365, 1319, 1312, 1302, 1254, 1166, 1113, 762 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 487 (M⁺), 346, 345, 105, 94, 92, 76, 65, 62, 56, 52; MS (FAB) m/z 488 (M+H⁺), 488, 487, 434, 433, 432, 431, 388, 57, 42, 41; HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₂N₃O₃ 487 1429, found 487.1441; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₂N₃O₃: C, 61.48; H, 5.57; N, 8.60; found: C, 61.41; H, 5.70; N, 8.48.

Example 177 Preparation of 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-phenylacetamide hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 6-(2-anilino-2-oxoethyl)-9,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (40 mg, 0.082 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL), TFA (0.032 mL, 0.41 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. Additional TFA (0.032 mL, 0.41 mmol) was added after 3 h. After 69 h, TFA (0.25 mL, 3.2 mmol) was added along with additional CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL). The reaction was quenched with 10% aqueous NaOH (5 mL) after 70 h and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give 30 mg of crude solid. The hydrochloride salt prepared to give 23 mg (67%) of a white solid: mp 274.0-276.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.58 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (m, 3H), 7.07 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.18 (m, 2H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2995, 2983, 2967, 2948, 2940, 2936, 2809, 2767, 1680, 1600, 1549, 1448, 1314, 797, 759 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 388 (M+H⁺), 361, 359, 268, 266, 242, 241, 240, 238, 228, 226; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₁₉Cl₂N₃O.HCl: C, 56.55; H, 4.75; N, 9.89; found: C, 56.25; H, 4.89; N, 9.50.

Preparation 79 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(4-methoxyanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

DMAP (89 mg, 0.73 mmol), p-anisidine (0.10 g, 0.81 mmol) and DIC (0.13 mL, 0.81 mmol) were added to the solution of crude [3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-9,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid (0.30 g, 0.73 mmol) in dry THF (3.5 mL). After 4 h, additional p-anisidine (45 mg, 0.37 mmol) was added. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc after another 17 h and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid (20 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL), and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated impure product. It was then crystallized from EtOAc/heptane, triturated with pentane, and recrystallized from EtOAc/heptane to give 0.14 g (36%) of a white solid: mp 143.0-144.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.30 (s, 1H), 7.47 (m, 3H), 7.25 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 5.04 (br s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.63 (m, 4H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 1.40 (app d, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2975, 1666, 1545, 1514, 1474, 1451, 1414, 1365, 1253, 1239, 1222, 1173, 1158, 830, 784 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 517 (M⁺), 377, 375, 227, 224, 212, 134, 124, 121, 55, 53; MS (FAB) m/z 518 (M+H⁺), 520, 519, 518, 517, 464, 463, 462, 461, 418, 57; HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₆H₂₉Cl₂N₃O₄ 517.1535, found 517.1537; Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₂₉Cl₂N₃O₄: C, 60.24; H, 5.64; N, 8.10; found: C, 59.86; H, 5.68; N, 7.94.

Example 178 Preparation of 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahiydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(4-methoxyanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (90 mg, 0.17 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6.0 mL), TFA (0.27 mL, 3.5 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 70 mg of a crude white solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 49 mg (62%) of a white solid: mp 262.0-263.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.39 (s, 1H), 9.08 (br s, 2H), 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.30 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.19 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.2, 155.3, 140.4, 135.6, 131.9, 123.9, 122.7, 122.0, 121.4, 120.6, 113.8, 110.6, 110.1, 55.0, 46.0, 45.3, 43.5, 22.3, 21.2; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3316, 2950, 2930, 2912, 2900, 2803, 2741, 1679, 1532, 1449, 1433, 1414, 1317, 1255, 837 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 418 (M+H⁺), 391, 389, 266, 241, 240,240, 238, 228, 226, 226; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₁Cl₂N₃O₂.HCl: C, 55.46; H, 4.88; N, 9.24; found: C, 55.16; H, 4.97; N, 9.06.

Preparation 80 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

DMAP (89 mg, 0.73 mmol), 2,3-dimethylaniline (98 mg, 0.81 mmol) and DIC (0.13 mL, 0.81 mmol) were added to the solution of crude [3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-9,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl]acetic acid (0.30 g, 0.73 mmol) in dry THF (3.5 mL). After 4 h, additional 2,3-dimethylaniline (0.049 mL, 0.40 mmol) and THF (2 mL) was added. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc after 25 h followed by washing with 10% aqueous citric acid (75 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (40 mL), and brine (40 mL). A precipitate in the combined organic layers was filtered to yield 0.22 g (58%) white solid: mp 232.5-233.0° C.; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.77 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (m, 2H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 3.64 (m, 4H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2977, 1692, 1659, 1541, 1474, 1451, 1412, 1366, 1303, 1269, 1201, 1174, 1112, 791, 773 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 515 (M⁺), 376, 226, 224, 212, 189, 149, 133, 119, 55, 52; HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₇H₃₁Cl₂N₃O₃ 515.1743, found 515.1747.

Example 179 Preparation of 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.15 g, 0.29 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (11 mL), TFA (0.45 mL, 5.8 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (7×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give 0.11 g of a crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 85 mg (65%) of a white solid: mp 248.0-249.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.83 (s, 1H), 9.07 (br s, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 2H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.9, 140.4, 137.0, 135.6, 135.3, 130.9, 127.1, 125.1, 123.9, 123.2, 122.8, 122.0, 121.4, 110.7, 110.0, 45.8, 45.3, 43.5, 22.3, 21.2, 20.0, 14.0; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3301, 2966, 2941, 2916, 2878, 2851, 2813, 2767, 2737, 2692, 2633, 2438, 1668, 1534, 1451 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 416 (M+H⁺), 389, 389, 387, 266, 242, 240, 238, 228, 226; % Water (KF): 1.99; Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₂₃Cl₂N₃O.HCl.1.99% H₂O: C, 57.19; H, 5.46; N, 9.10; found: C, 56.97; H, 5.46; N, 8.92.

Examples 180-239

The compounds of Examples 180-239 were prepared using the following general procedure and the purification technique noted.

The appropriate aryl amine (0.29 mmol) was added to a 20 mL scintillation vial followed by the addition of a stock solution of the appropriate dichloroazepinoindole acid (5 mL, 0.053 M in THF). Next, a stock solution of EEDQ (3 mL, 0.097 M in THF) was added to each vial. The vials were capped, placed in a J-KEM® heater block attached to a Lab-Line® orbit shaker and shaken (250 RPM) at 40° C. overnight. A subset of the reactions was monitored by HPLC. After all the starting acid was consumed in these reactions, MeOH (3 mL) and Dowex® 50WX2-400 ion-exchange resin (0.75 g) was added to each vial. The reactions were then shaken (300 RPM) at 40° C. until the product was on the resin, based on HPLC monitoring. The vials were cooled to rt and transferred with 2×5 mL of CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (3:1) to disposable fritted syringe barrels on a syringe washing station. The resin was then rinsed with 2×5 mL of each of the following: pyridine/MeOH (3:7), CH₂Cl₂, and MeOH. The syringe barrels were then transferred to a vacuum manifold and the product was eluted off the resin into 40 mL scintillation vials with 5×5 mL of MeOH/NH₄OH (3:1). Three different methods were used to isolate products.

Method A consisted of removing the solvent in the vacuum oven overnight at 47° C.

Method B involved blowing the solvent down under nitrogen and then further drying in the vacuum oven overnight at 47° C.

Method C consisted of filtering the precipitate that formed upon being blown down under nitrogen. The products were then evaluated by HPLC and MS or LC/MS.

Example 180 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 415.9 (MH⁺).

Example 181 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method A, the title compound was obtained. MS (ESI+) m/z 415.9 (MH⁺).

Example 182 2-(7,8-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 416.3 (MH⁺).

Example 183 2-(7,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 416.1 (MH⁺).

Example 184 2-(7,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 416.3 (MH⁺).

Example 185 2-(8,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 416.1 (MH⁺).

Example 186 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 441.9 (MH⁺).

Example 187 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5,6,7 ,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 441.9 (MH⁺).

Example 188 2-(7,8-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 442.1 (MH⁺).

Example 189 2-(7,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 442.1 (MH⁺).

Example 190 2-(7,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 442.1 (MH⁺).

Example 191 2-(8,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 442.1 (MH⁺).

Example 192 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-ethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 415.9 (MH⁺).

Example 193 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-ethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 415.9 (MH⁺).

Example 194 2-(7,8-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-ethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 416.4 (MH⁺).

Example 195 2-(7,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-ethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 416.4 (MH⁺).

Example 196 2-(7,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-ethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 416.3 (MH⁺).

Example 197 2-(8,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-ethylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 415.9 (MH⁺).

Example 198 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-isopropylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 429.9 (MH⁺).

Example 199 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-isopropylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 429.9 (MH⁺).

Example 200 2-(7,8-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-isopropylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 429.9 (MH⁺).

Example 201 2-(7,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-isopropylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 430.4 (MH⁺).

Example 202 2-(7,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-isopropylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 430.4 (MH⁺).

Example 203 2-(8,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(3-isopropylphenyl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 431.9 (MH⁺).

Example 204 N-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-(8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 443.9 (MH⁺).

Example 205 N-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-(9,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 443.9 (MH⁺).

Example 206 N-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-(7,8-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 443.9 (MH⁺).

Example 207 N-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-(7,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 443.9 (MH⁺).

Example 208 N-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-(7,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 444.4 (MH⁺).

Example 209 N-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-(8,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 443.9 (MH⁺).

Example 210 N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 444.8 (MH⁺).

Example 211 N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(9,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 444.8 (MH⁺).

Example 212 N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(7,8-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 445.1 (MH⁺).

Example 213 N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(7,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 445.0 (MH⁺).

Example 214 N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(7,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 445.0 (MH⁺).

Example 215 N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(8,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 445.3 (MH⁺).

Example 216 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9 (MH⁺).

Example 217 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9 (MH⁺).

Example 218 2-(7,8-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9 (MH⁺).

Example 219 2-(7,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9(MH⁺).

Example 220 2-(7,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method B; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9 (MH⁺).

Example 221 2-(8,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.8 (MH⁺).

Example 222 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9 (MH⁺).

Example 223 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9 (MH⁺).

Example 224 2-(7,8-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 409.3 (MH⁺).

Example 225 2-(7,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 409.1 (MH⁺).

Example 226 2-(7,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 409.3 (MH⁺).

Example 227 2-(8,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 408.9 (MH⁺).

Example 228 N-(4-tert-Butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-(8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 450.9 (MH⁺).

Example 229 N-(4-tert-Butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-(9,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-⁶(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 450.9 (MH⁺).

Example 230 N-(4-tert-Butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-(7,8-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 451.2 (MH⁺).

Example 231 N-(4-tert-Butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-(7,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 451.1 (MH⁺).

Example 232 N-(4-tert-Butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-(7,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 450.9 (MH⁺).

Example 233 N-(4-tert-Butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-(8,10-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 451.2 (MH⁺).

Example 234 2-(8,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 470.8 (MH⁺).

Example 235 2-(9,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method A; MS (ESI+) m/z 471.0 (MH⁺).

Example 236 2-(7,8-Dichoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 471.1 (MH⁺).

Example 237 2-(7,9-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 471.1 (MH⁺).

Example 238 2-(7,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 471.1 (MH⁺).

Example 239 2-(8,10-Dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

isolation method C; MS (ESI+) m/z 471.2 (MH⁺).

Preparation 81 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Potassium hydride (45 mg, 1.1 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.56 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL). After 15 min, 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane (0.13 mL, 0.86 mmol) was added. After 5 h, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (10 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (3:1) to give 0.21 g (78%) of a yellow solid: mp 119-124° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2980, 2973, 2941, 2932, 1686, 1478, 1462, 1417, 1365, 1247, 1178, 1160, 1112, 855, 699 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 472 (M⁺), 416, 227, 226, 224, 211, 188, 153, 115, 90, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₃₀Cl₂N₂O₂: C, 65.96; H, 6.39; N, 5.92; found: C, 66.01; H, 6.47; N, 5.82.

Example 240 Preparation of 8,9-Dichloro-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.42 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL), TFA (0.65 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 4 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH, then extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 0.12 g of crude material. After the hydrochloride salt was prepared, it was further purified by recrystallization from MeOH/EtOAc to give 99 mg (57%) of a white solid: mp 148.0-150.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.26 (br s, 2H), 7.75 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.61 (m, 2H), 1.89 (pentet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 141.0, 138.4, 134.0, 128.2, 128.1, 126.5, 125.8, 123.0, 121.4, 118.7, 111.3, 110.2, 45.8, 44.0, 42.3, 31.9, 31.5, 22.5, 20.2; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3021, 2997, 2970, 2953, 2888, 2850, 2825, 2812, 2760, 2709, 2632, 1473, 1421, 1106, 700 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 374, 372 (M⁺), 332, 331, 330, 228, 226, 91, 86, 84.

Preparation 82 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.40 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (6 mL), sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 68 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added. After 25 min, 1-bromo-3-phenyl propane (0.34 mL, 2.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 3 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) to give 0.33 g (62%) of a yellow solid: mp 113.5-115.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.14 (m, 3H), 6.93 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.70 (m, 4H), 3. 50 (m, 2H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2976, 1686, 1447, 1416, 1366, 1360, 1247, 1180, 1168, 1152, 1108, 930, 788, 747, 701 cm⁻¹; MS (FAB) m/z 473 (M+H⁺), 475, 474, 473, 472, 419, 418, 417, 416, 91, 57; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₆H₃₀Cl₂N₂O₂+H 473.1762, found 473.1759; Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₃₀Cl₂N₂O₂: C, 65.96; H, 6.39; N, 5.92, found: C, 66.00; H, 6.41; N, 5.85.

Example 241 Preparation of 9,10-Dichloro-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.42 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), TFA (0.65 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH, then extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 0.15 g of a.crude solid. After the hydrochloride salt was prepared, it was further purified by a recrystallization from MeOH/EtOAc to give 47 mg (27%) of a white solid: mp 214.0-216.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.29 (br s, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (m, 3H), 7.19 (m, 3H), 4.22 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.61 (m, 2H), 1.90 (pentet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 141.0, 139.2, 134.8, 128.2, 128.0, 125.8, 123.6, 122.4, 121.8, 121.4, 110.5, 110.2, 45.1, 43.4, 42.3, 32.0, 31.4, 21.9, 21.1; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2972, 2951, 2885, 2824, 2796, 2747, 2722, 2671, 2652, 2443, 1448, 1423, 779, 746, 700 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 373 (M+H⁺), 344, 232, 232, 228, 226, 205, 203, 191, 68; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₂Cl₂N₂.HCl.2.15% H₂O: C, 60.23; H, 5.78; N, 6.69; found: C, 60.37; H, 5.68; N, 6.66.

Preparation 83 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.40 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (5 mL), sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 68 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added. After 20 min, β-bromophenetole (0.31 mL, 2.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 2 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by two column chromatographies (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) and (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (9:1) to give 0.41 g (76%) of a white solid: mp 135.5-137.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.50 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.42 (m, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (m, 4H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 1678, 1494, 1469, 1406, 1364, 1297, 1245, 1233, 1172, 1119, 1106, 941, 875, 758, 691 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 475 (M+H⁺), 498, 497, 348, 346, 255, 252, 169, 137, 121, 90; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 63.16; H, 5.94; N, 5.89; found: C, 63.22; H, 6.00; N, 5.88.

Example 242 Preparation of 8,9-Dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.42 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL), TFA (0.65 mL, 8.5 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 3 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give 0.18 g of a crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 0.13 g (73%) of an off-white solid: mp 235.0-235.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.20 (br s, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 6.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.09 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.8, 139.3, 134.2, 129.4, 126.7, 123.0, 121.6, 120.7, 118.7, 114.1, 111.8, 110.3, 66.7, 45.8, 44.2, 42.2, 22.9, 20.2; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2949, 2934, 2740, 2697, 2678, 1592, 1495, 1468, 1244, 1108, 886, 877, 754, 745, 687 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 376, 374 (M⁺), 334, 333, 332, 119, 91, 77, 65, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₀Cl₂N₂O.HCl: C, 58.34; H, 5.14; N, 6.80; found: C, 57.99; H, 5.23; N, 6.66.

Preparation 84 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.40 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (5 mL), sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 68 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added. After 20 min, 2-chlorophenyl 2-bromoethyl ether (0.34 mL, 2.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 3 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) to give 0.47 g (82%) of a white foam: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.50 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.68 (m, 2H), 4.40 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.16 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (m, 4H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 1691, 1687, 1491, 1467, 1413, 1365, 1297, 1285, 1268, 1242, 1221, 1169, 1114, 1104, 822 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 509 (M+H⁺), 533, 531, 392, 292, 160, 155, 146, 118, 106, 91; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₃N₂O₃: C, 58.89; H, 5.34; N, 5.49; found: C, 58.89; H, 5.44; N, 5.48

Example 243 Preparation of 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.30 g, 0.59 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂(10.0 mL), TFA (0.91 mL, 12 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 3 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give 0.24 g of crude material. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 0.21 g (82%) of an off-white solid: mp 262.3-263.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.27 (br s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.61 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 156.8, 139.3, 134.2, 129.2, 126.7, 124.5, 123.1, 121.7, 118.7, 116.0, 111.8, 110.3, 67.2, 45.9, 44.2, 42.1, 22.9, 20.3; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2949, 2823, 2757, 2715, 2703, 2676, 1589, 1491, 1472, 1324, 1243, 1110, 868, 814, 666 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 408 (M⁺), 111, 99, 86, 84, 78, 73, 63, 57, 51, 50; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₁₉Cl₃N₂O.HCl: C, 53.84; H, 4.52; N, 6.28; found: C, 53.47; H, 4.56; N, 6.17.

Preparation 85 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.40 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (5 mL), sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 68 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added. After 25 min, 4-fluorophenoxy ethyl bromide (0.34 mL, 2.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 2 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (gradient, 9:1 to 17:3) to give 0.43 g (78%) of a white foam: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.51 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (m, 2H), 4.40 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 4H), 3.69 (m, 4H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 1687, 1505, 1468, 1414, 1366, 1296, 1268, 1248, 1218, 1169, 1114, 1105, 865, 827, 746 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 493 (M+H⁺), 516, 515, 366, 364, 265, 253, 138, 94, 91, 85; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₂FN₂O₃: C, 60.86; H, 5.51; N, 5.68; found: C, 60.91; H, 5.61; N, 5.64.

Example 244 Preparation of 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.41 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5.0 mL), TFA (0.63 mL, 8.1 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH, then extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 0.17 g of crude material. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 0.16 g (93%) of an off-white solid: mp 189.5-192.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.19 (br s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.09 (m, 2H), 6.84 (m, 2H), 4.60 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.09 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.6, 155.3, 154.1, 139.3, 134.2, 126.7, 123.0, 121.6, 118.7, 115.9, 115.6, 115.4, 115.3, 111.8, 110.3, 67.3, 45.8, 44.2, 42.2, 22.9, 20.2; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2950, 2937, 2834, 2757, 2741, 2664, 1508, 1466, 1246, 1225, 1208, 879, 826, 816, 747 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 393 (M+H⁺), 366, 255, 238, 211, 191, 170, 168, 147, 74, 72; % Water (KF): 1.36; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₁₉Cl₂FN₂O.HCl.1.36% H₂O: C, 55.14; H, 4.78; N, 6.43; found: C, 54.83; H, 4.88; N, 6.30.

Preparation 86 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.56 mmol) in DMF (4 mL), sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 34 mg, 0.84 mmol) was added. After 25 min, β-bromophenetole (0.15 mL, 1.1 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 2 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) and triturating with hexanes gave 35 mg (13%) of a white solid: mp 175.0-176.0° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.53 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (m, 3H), 6.90 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.60 (m, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.61 (m, 2H), 3.14 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2967, 2931, 1676, 1493, 1448, 1422, 1406, 1363, 1298, 1245, 1221, 1167, 1118, 754, 690 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 474 (M⁺), 333, 95, 92, 79, 78, 76, 67, 64, 57, 55; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₈Cl₂N₂O₃+H 475.1555, found 475.1559; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 63.16; H, 5.94; N, 5.89; found: C, 63.47; H, 6.11; N, 5.84.

Example 245 Preparation of 9,10-Dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

TFA (0.39 mL, 5.1 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.12 g, 0.25 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6.0 mL). After 4.5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 90 mg of a light yellow crude oil. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 61 mg (59%) of a white solid: mp 194.0-196.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.17 (br s, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (m, 3H), 6.91 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.63 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.8, 140.1, 135.0, 129.4, 123.8, 122.7, 121.9, 121.3, 120.8, 114.1, 110.6, 66.5, 45.1, 43.6, 42.3, 22.3, 21.2; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2979, 2955, 2867, 2824, 2797, 2757, 2730, 2673, 2656, 1495, 1459, 1442, 1240, 1221, 758 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 375 (M+H⁺), 348, 346, 346, 255, 253, 240, 238, 227, 225, 121; % Water (KF): 2.99; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₀Cl₂N₂O.HCl.2.99% H₂O: C, 56.60; H, 5.32; N, 6.60; found: C, 56.53; H1 5.64; N, 6.53.

Preparation 87 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 68 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.40 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (6 mL). After 25 min, 2-chlorophenyl 2-bromoethyl ether (0.34 mL, 2.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 19 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) to give 0.46 g (76%) of a white foam: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.17 (m, 4H), 6.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.45 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (m, 4H), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2975, 2930, 1691, 1492, 1448, 1414, 1392, 1365, 1300, 1285, 1269, 1244, 1169, 1114, 823 cm⁻¹; MS (FAB) m/z 509 (M+H⁺), 510, 509, 508, 455, 454, 453, 452, 57, 42, 41; HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₃N₂O₃ 508.1087, found 508.1089; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₃N₂O₃: C, 58.89; H, 5.34; N, 5.49; found: C, 58.94; H, 5.38; N, 5.41.

Example 246 Preparation of 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

TFA (0.84 mL, 11 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.30 g, 0.55 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10.0 mL). After 3 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and CH₂Cl₂ was added to dissolve the pink precipitate that had formed. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 0.27 g of a crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 0.19 g (80%) of a white solid: mp 203.5-205.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.32 (br s, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (m, 3H), 6.86 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.63 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 156.6, 140.1, 135.0, 129.1, 124.5, 123.8, 122.7, 121.9, 121.3, 115.9, 110.7, 110.6, 67.1, 45.1, 43.5, 42.2, 22.2, 21.1; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2977, 2953, 2823, 2796, 2749, 2727, 2672, 2653, 2442, 1491, 1460, 1442, 1242, 826, 774 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 409 (M+H⁺), 253, 225, 217, 169, 169, 137, 123, 97, 84, 74; % Water (KF): 1.48; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₁₉Cl₃N₂O.HCl.1.48% H₂O: C, 53.04; H, 4.62; N, 6.19, found: C, 52.90; H, 4.64; N, 6.12.

Preparation 88 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 68 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.40 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (6 mL). After 25 min, 4-fluorophenoxy ethyl bromide (0.34 mL, 2.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 22 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) to give 0.46 g (82%) of a white solid: mp 163.5-165.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 6.70 (m, 2H), 4.44 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 3.73 (m, 4H), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 1675, 1507, 1449, 1405, 1365, 1354, 1298, 1249, 1242, 1221, 1209, 1170, 1120, 835, 828 cm⁻¹; MS (FAB) m/z 493 (M+H⁺), 494, 493, 492, 439, 438, 437, 436, 435, 57, 42; HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₂FN₂O₃ 492.1383, found 492.1385; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₇Cl₂FN₂O₃: C, 60.86; H, 5.51; N, 5.68; found: C, 60.93; H, 5.60; N, 5.69.

Example 247 Preparation of 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.41 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6.0 mL), TFA (0.63 mL, 8.1 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 30 min, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH, then extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to 0.17 g of a crude solid. After the hydrochloride salt was prepared, it was further purified by a recrystallization from MeOH/EtOAc to give 69 mg (40%) of a white solid: mp 214.0-216.0; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.58 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (m, 2H), 6.84 (m, 2H), 4.63 (m, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.0, 154.7, 153.5, 153.5, 139.5, 134.4, 123.2, 122.0, 121.2, 120.7, 115.2, 115.0, 114.8, 114.7, 110.0, 109.9, 66.6, 44.5, 42.9, 41.6, 21.6, 20.5; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2965, 2838, 2823, 2794, 2770, 2745, 2714, 2697, 2651, 1506, 1442, 1249, 1222, 1206, 831 cm⁻¹; MS (ES+) m/z 393 (M+H⁺), 364, 238, 221, 175, 79, 74, 66, 64, 62, 61. Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₁₉Cl₂FN₂O.HCl: C, 55.90; H, 4.69; N, 6.52; found: C, 55.65; H, 4.72; N, 6.49.

Preparation 89 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,8-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 51 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,8-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.30 g, 0.84 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After 30 min, β-bromophenetole was added (0.31 mL). The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 18 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) to give 0.22 g (55%) of a white solid: mp 138.4-139.7° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.79 (m, 2H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 4.27 (m, 2H), 3.80 (m, 2H), 3.66 (m, 2H), 3.17 (m, 2H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2979, 1687, 1467, 1443, 1416, 1365, 1253, 1239, 1223, 1172, 1165, 1156, 923, 808, 760 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 474 (M⁺), 420, 418, 332, 86, 84, 57, 56, 55, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 63.16; H, 5.94; N, 5.89; found: C, 63.15; H, 6.00; N, 5.89.

Example 248 Preparation of 7,8-Dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

TFA (0.41 mL, 5.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,8-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.13 g, 0.26 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL). After 4 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give a crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 61 mg (57%) of a white solid: mp 196.5-197.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.11 (br s, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (m, 3H), 6.90 (m, 3H), 4.95 (m, 2H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 3.09 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.8, 139.9, 130.7, 129.4, 128.7, 125.2, 121.0, 120.8, 117.5, 114.2, 113.5, 111.5, 67.8, 45.6, 44.0, 43.2, 23.0, 19.9; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2971, 2955, 2828, 2799, 2759, 2677, 2659, 2446, 1601, 1588, 1496, 1463, 1244, 811, 760 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 374 (M⁺), 86, 84, 78, 77, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₀Cl₂N₂O.HCl: C, 58.34; H, 5.14; N, 6.80; found: C, 58.12; H, 5.42; N, 6.47.

Preparation 90 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,9-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 51 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.30 g, 0.84 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After 30 min, β-bromophenetole was added (0.23 mL). The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 18 h and extracted with EtOAc (1×50 mL, 2×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (17:3) and crystallized from EtOAc/heptane to give 0.31 g (77%) of a white solid: mp 154.0-155.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.54 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 6.85 (m, 3H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 1683, 1463, 1410, 1366, 1345, 1293, 1242, 1232, 1227, 1174, 1167, 1113, 857, 756, 693 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 474 (M⁺), 474, 420, 419, 418, 334, 332, 311, 238, 84, 57; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 63.16; H, 5.94; N, 5.89; found: C, 63.19; H, 5.97; N, 5.86.

Example 249 Preparation of 7,9-Dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 7,9-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.42 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL), TFA (0.65 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added while stirring at rt. After 5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give a crude solid. The hydrochloride salt was prepared to give 0.10 g (60%) of a white solid: mp 204.0-204.5° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.35 (br s, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (m, 3H), 6.90 (m, 3H), 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.25 (m, 2H), 3.10 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.9, 141.0, 130.9, 129.5, 128.7, 123.7, 122.1, 120.9, 116.5, 115.9, 114.2, 111.5, 67.8, 45.6, 44.0, 43.2, 22.9, 20.0; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2969, 2941, 2924, 2847, 2832, 2809, 2734, 2691, 2664, 2632, 2430, 1493, 1464, 1250, 767 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 374 (M⁺), 334, 332, 238, 224, 188, 94, 77, 65, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₀Cl₂N₂O.HCl: C, 58.34; H, 5.14; N, 6.80; found: C, 58.15; H. 5.19; N, 6.72.

Preparation 91 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,10-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 51 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.30 g, 0.84 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After 25 min, β-bromophenetole was added (0.23 mL). The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 18 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (9:1) to give 0.32 g (79%) of a white solid: mp 131.5-133.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.96 (m, 3H), 6.81 (m, 2H), 4.92 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.27 (m, 2H), 3.80 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 1686, 1498, 1474, 1404, 1366, 1350, 1318, 1295, 1248, 1227, 1221, 1167, 1116, 788, 757 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 474 (M⁺), 418, 376, 374, 339, 334, 332, 77, 57, 56, 55; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 63.16; H, 5.94; N, 5.89; found: C, 63.13; H, 6.00; N, 5.89.

Example 250 Preparation of 7,10-Dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

TFA (0.65 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,10-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.42 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL). After 5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give a crude solid. After the hydrochloride salt was prepared, it was further purified by recrystallization from MeOH/EtOAc to give 51 mg (30%) of a white solid: mp 261.0-263.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.24 (br s, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (m, 3H), 4.97 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 3.53 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.8, 141.3, 131.1, 129.4, 125.5, 123.4, 123.2, 121.3, 120.8, 114.4, 114.1, 111.4, 67.7, 44.8, 43.2, 43.1, 22.2, 20.9; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2965, 2952, 2826, 2794, 2741, 2676, 2650, 2443, 1496, 1467, 1241, 1234, 1170, 804, 755 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 374 (M⁺), 339, 334, 332, 84, 78, 77, 65, 63, 61; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₀Cl₂O.HCl: C, 58.34; H, 5.14; N, 6.80; found: C, 58.25; H, 5.23; N, 6.80.

Preparation 92 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,10-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 51 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.30 g, 0.84 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After 25 min, β-bromophenetole was added (0.23 mL). The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 18 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (9:1) to give 0.36 g (90%) of a white solid: mp 131.5-133.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.04 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (m, 2H), 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.76 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H); IR (diffuse reflectance) 2974, 2929, 1691, 1600, 1496, 1459, 1413, 1393, 1365, 1348, 1303, 1243, 1170, 1114, 754 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 474 (M⁺), 420, 419, 418, 417, 344, 334, 332, 57, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 63.16; H, 5.94; N, 5.89; found: C, 63.19; H, 5.99; N, 5.89.

Example 251 Preparation of 8,10-Dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

TFA (0.65 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,10-dichloro-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.20 g, 0.42 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL). After 5 h, the reaction was made basic with 10% aqueous NaOH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated to give a crude solid. After the hydrochloride salt was prepared, it was further purified by recrystallization from MeOH/EtOAc to give 57 mg (33%) of a white solid: mp 242.0-243.0° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.13 (br s, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.64 (m, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 157.7, 139.8, 136.7, 129.4, 125.2, 124.4, 121.5, 120.8, 120.0, 114.1, 110.4, 109.6, 66.5, 45.2, 43.6, 42.3, 22.3, 21.0; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2843, 2718, 2688, 2666, 2633, 2440, 1601, 1497, 1460, 1244, 1238, 845, 827, 754, 694 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 376, 374 (M⁺), 339, 334, 333, 332, 78, 77, 65, 63; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₀Cl₂N₂O.HCl: C, 58.34; H, 5.14; N, 6.80; found: C, 58.10; H, 5.20; N, 6.76.

Preparation 93 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 8,9-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.95 g, 2.15 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Then, LiBH₄ (0.14 g, 6.43 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to rt. After 17 h, the reaction was diluted with H₂O (50 mL) followed by addition of 10% aqueous NaOH (10 mL) and extraction with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. . The crude product was first purified by two column chromatographies (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (1:1) and (Biotage, 40S) with heptane/EtOAc (2:1) to give 0.51 g of impure product. Finally, crystallization from Et₂O/heptane gave 0.45 g (52%) of pale yellow crystals: mp 130.5-133° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3469, 2976, 2937, 2869, 1676, 1477, 1449, 1415, 1366, 1342, 1240, 1219, 1172, 1164, 853 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 398 (M⁺), 400, 398, 342, 341, 270, 268, 86, 84, 57, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₄Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 57.15; H, 6.06; N, 7.01; found: C, 57.24; H, 6.19; N, 6.95.

Preparation 94 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 9,10-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.0 g, 2.3 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Then, LiBH₄ (0.15 g, 6.8 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to rt. After 4 h, the reaction was diluted with H₂O followed by addition of 10% aqueous NaOH and extraction with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M, SIM) with heptane/EtOAc (1:1) followed by crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 0.19 g (21%) of a white solid: mp 174.5-176.0° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3419, 1662, 1466, 1447, 1424, 1370, 1359, 1275, 1248, 1170, 1157, 1120, 1078, 933, 799 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 398 (M⁺), 400, 398, 344, 342, 341, 268, 86, 84, 57, 51; Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₄Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 57.15; H, 6.06; N, 7.01; found: C, 57.13; H, 6.13; N, 6.95.

Preparation 95 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,8-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.25 g, 6.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,8-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.5 g, 4.2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL). After 20 min, ethyl bromoacetate (0.94 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 2.5 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (3:1) followed by crystallization from MeOH/EtOAc to give 1.5 g (81%) of a white solid: mp 132.5-135.0° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2974, 1747, 1683, 1465, 1450, 1416, 1365, 1303, 1255, 1216, 1195, 1170, 1155, 1115, 803 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 440 (M⁺), 442, 440, 386, 385, 384, 311, 300, 298, 57, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₆Cl₂N₂O₄: C, 57.15; H, 5.94; N, 6.35; found: C, 57.13; H, 5.98; N, 6.36.

Preparation 96 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,8-dichloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 7,8-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (3.0 g, 6.8 mmol) in dry THF (30 mL) was cooled to ° C. Then, LiBH₄ (0.74 g, 34 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to rt. Additional LiBH₄ (0.30 g, 14 mmol) was added after 24 h. After another 7 h, the reaction was diluted with H₂O (75 mL) followed by addition of 10% aqueous NaOH and extraction with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M, SIM) with heptane/EtOAc (1:1) followed by crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 1.7 g (64%) of a white solid: mp 149.0-149.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3420, 2974, 1665, 1482, 1468, 1445, 1414, 1365, 1334, 1240, 1220, 1168, 1151, 1122, 900 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 398 (M⁺), 398, 342, 298, 270, 268, 258, 256, 212, 57, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₄Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 57.15; H, 6.06; N, 7.01; found: C, 57.31; H, 6.10; N, 6.98.

Preparation 97 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,9-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.25 g, 6.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,9-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.5 g, 4.2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL). After 20 men, ethyl bromoacetate (0.94 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 2 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (3:1) to give 1.8 g (98%) of a white solid: mp 117.0-120.0° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2972, 1744, 1690, 1464, 1409, 1377, 1366, 1349, 1294, 1222, 1204, 1190, 1167, 1111, 861 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 440 (M⁺), 440, 386, 385, 384, 339, 311, 310, 300, 298, 57; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₆Cl₂N₂O₄: C, 57.15; H, 5.94; N, 6.35; found: C, 56.97; H, 5.97; N, 6.19.

Preparation 98 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,9-dichloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 7,9-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (3.00 g, 6.80 mmol) in dry THF (30 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Then, LiBH₄ (0.44 g, 20.2 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to rt. After 18 h, additional LiBH₄ (0.44 g, 20.2 mmol) was added. After an additional 24 h, the reaction was diluted with H₂O followed by addition of 10% aqueous NaOH and extraction with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was first purified by column chromatography (Biotage 40M, SIM) with heptane/EtOAc (1:1) to give 2.37 g of impure product. Then, crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 2.21 g (82%) of ivory crystals: mp 183-184° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 1693, 1658, 1468, 1448, 1433, 1406, 1380, 1370, 1347, 1323, 1293, 1226, 1166, 1064, 771 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 398 (M⁺), 344, 342, 270, 268, 258, 256, 63, 57, 56. Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₄Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 57.15; H, 6.06; N, 7.01; found: C, 57.20; H, 6.11; N, 6.95.

Preparation 99 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,10-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.85 g, 21 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 7,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (5.0 g, 14 mmol) in DMF (75 mL). After 25 min, ethyl bromoacetate (3.1 mL, 28 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 3 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with heptane/EtOAc (3:1) to give 6.0 g (96%) of a white foam: mp 118.5-119.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2976, 1747, 1674, 1477, 1457, 1420, 1405, 1370, 1366, 1344, 1254, 1200, 1165, 1111, 930 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 440 (M⁺), 386, 384, 339, 310, 305, 300, 298, 224,57, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₆Cl₂N₂O₄: C, 57.15; H. 5.94; N, 6.35; found: C, 57.27; H, 6.01; N, 6.22.

Preparation 100 Preparation of tert-Butyl 7,10-dichloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 7,10-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (3.0 g, 6.8 mmol) in dry THF (30 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Then, LiBH₄ (0.74 g, 34 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to rt. Additional LiBH₄ (0.30 g, 14 mmol) was added after 24 h. After another 7 h, the reaction was diluted with H₂O (75 mL) followed by addition of 10% aqueous NaOH and extraction with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M, SIM) with heptane/EtOAc (1:1) followed by crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 1.8 g (65%) of a white solid: mp 156.0-158.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 1686, 1652, 1476, 1433, 1414, 1400, 1364, 1353, 1319, 1302, 1229, 1178, 1156, 1063, 972 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 398 (M⁺), 398, 342, 270, 268, 263, 258, 256, 212, 57, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₄Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 57.15; H, 6.06; N, 7.01; found: C, 57.23; H, 6.10; N, 7.00.

Preparation 101 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,10-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.25 g, 6.3 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 8,10-dichloro-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.5 g, 4.2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL). After 20 min, ethyl bromoacetate (0.94 mL, 8.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl after 1.5 h and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (3:1) followed by crystallization from MeOH/EtOAc to give 1.4 g (78%) of a white solid: mp 144.5-147.0° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 2982, 2972, 1748, 1690, 1456, 1411, 1373, 1366, 1352, 1252, 1222, 1202, 1159, 1115, 824 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 440 (M⁺), 442, 440, 386, 384, 310, 300, 298, 86, 84, 57; Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₆Cl₂N₂O₄: C, 57.15; H, 5.94; N, 6.35; found: C, 57.15; H, 6.04; N, 6.37.

Preparation 102 Preparation of tert-Butyl 8,10-dichloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 8,10-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (3.0 g, 6.8 mmol) in dry THF (30 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Then, LiBH₄ (0.74 g, 34 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to rt. After 24 h, the reaction was diluted with H₂O (75 mL) followed by addition of 10% aqueous NaOH (30 mL) and extraction with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M, SIM) with heptane/EtOAc (1:1) followed by crystallization from EtOAc/heptane gave 1.6 g (58%) of a white solid: mp 166.5-167.0° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3462, 1665, 1458, 1426, 1367, 1362, 1342, 1264, 1249, 1165, 1115, 1081, 931, 828, 820 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 398 (M⁺), 398, 342, 341, 298, 270, 268, 258, 256, 57, 56; Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₄Cl₂N₂O₃: C, 57.15; H, 6.06; N, 7.01; found: C, 57.08; H, 6.08; N, 6.97.

Examples 252-307

Using the following general procedure the compounds of Examples 251-306 were prepared.

The appropriate aryl alcohol (0.50 mmol) was added to a 20 mL scintillation vial followed by the addition of a stock solution of the appropriate dichloroazepinoindole alcohol (0.10 g, 0.25 mmol) and PPh₃ (99 mg, 0.38 mmol) in THF (5 mL). Next, a stock solution of DBAD (87 mg, 0.38 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added to each vial. The vials were capped, placed in a J-KEM® heater block attached to a Lab-Line® orbit shaker and shaken (250 RPM) at 40° C. overnight. A subset of the reactions was monitored by LC/MS. After all the starting alcohol was consumed in these reactions, MeOH (3 mL) and Dowex® 50WX2-400 ion-exchange resin (0.75 g) was added to each vial. The reactions were then shaken (300 RPM) at 40° C. until the product was on the resin, based on LC/MS monitoring. The vials were cooled to rt and transferred with 2×5 mL of CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (3:1) to disposable fritted syringe barrels on a syringe washing station. The resin was then rinsed with 3×10 mL of pyridine/MeOH (3:7), 1×10 mL of CH₂Cl₂, and 3×10 mL of MeOH. The syringe barrels were then transferred to a vacuum manifold and the product was eluted off the resin with a total of 10×5 mL of MeOH/NH₄OH (3:1) into two 40 mL scintillation vials for each compound. The vials were blown down under nitrogen and followed by further drying in the vacuum oven overnight at 47° C. to give product. The products were evaluated by HPLC and MS or LC/MS.

Example 252 8,9-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 583.3 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 253 9,10-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 583.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 254 7,8-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 583.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 255 7,9-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 583.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 256 7,10-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 583.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 257 8,10-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 583.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 258 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 425.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 259 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexabydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 260 7,8-Dichloro-6-[2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.0 mm/z (MH⁺).

Example 261 7,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 262 7,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 425.9 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 263 8,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 264 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 425.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 265 7,8-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 425.9 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 266 7,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 267 8,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 268 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 425.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 269 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 270 7,8-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 271 7,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 272 7,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 425.9 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 273 8,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 274 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 428.8 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 275 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 276 7,8-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 277 7,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 278 7,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 279 8,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 280 6-[2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl]-8,9-dichloro-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 418.7 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 281 6-[2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl]-9,10-dichloro-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 419.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 282 6-[2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl]-7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 419.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 283 6-[2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl]-7,9-dichloro-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 419.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 284 6-[2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl]-7,10-dichloro-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 419.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 285 6-[2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl]-8,10-dichloro-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 419.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 286 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 414.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 287 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 414.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 288 7,8-Dichloro-6-[2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 414.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 289 8,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 414.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 290 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.3 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 291 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 292 7,8-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 293 7,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 294 7,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 295 8,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 429.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 296 8,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.2 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 297 9,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 298 7,8-Dichloro-6-[2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 299 7,9-Dichloro-6-[2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.1 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 300 7,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 301 8,10-Dichloro-6-[2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 426.0 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 302 8,9-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 457.2 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 303 9,10-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphtbalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 457.2 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 304 7,8-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 457.2 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 305 7,9-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 457.2 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 306 7,10-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 457.2 m/z (MH⁺).

Example 307 8,10-Dichloro-6-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

MS (ESI+) 457.2 m/z (MH⁺).

Preparation 103 Preparation of 3-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

In a 500 mL round-bottomed flask a mixture of 3-benzoyl-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (12.9 g, 35.0 mmol), KOH (9.8 g, 175 mmol), and ethylene glycol (250 mL) was heated at 140° C. overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and dioxane (150 mL) and Boc₂O (8.4 g, 38.5 mmol) were added and stirred for 1 h. The bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h, and then heated at 100° C. for 6 h. Heat was removed and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 72 h. Dioxane was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting mixture was partitioned between CHCl₃ and water. The aqueous layer was extracted a second time with CHCl₃ and the combined organic layers were washed with water and concentrated to give 12.5 g of an oily brown foam. A precipitate formed upon dissolution in CHCl₃ and was filtered to give 3.21 g (25%) of title compound as an off-white solid. 3.65 g of additional material obtained from a second precipitation contained 20% impurity. Column chromatography of the second lot of mother liquors (elution with 20-50% EtOAc/heptane) gave an additional 1.3 g (10%) of the title compound as a yellow solid. The mixture was resubmitted to the reaction conditions and the resulting 3.27 g (25%) of the title compound obtained as an off-white solid was submitted for analysis: mp 200-203° C. (dec); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.96 (br s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J=1.7, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.03-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H); IR (drift) 3294, 1667, 1478, 1423, 1366, 1326, 1286, 1266, 1249, 1238, 1169, 1118, 927, 857, 790 cm⁻¹.

Preparation 104 Preparation of 3-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-9-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the general procedure of Preparation 9, but starting with 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (6.50 g, 17.8 mmol), the title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (2.70 g, 37%): mp 234-237° C.; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.82 (br s, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.24 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.07-2.93 (m, 4H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.36 (s, 12H). MS (FAB) m/z 413 (M+H⁺), 412, 411, 358, 357, 356, 355, 354, 282, 57; HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₃H₃₃BN₂O₄ 412.2533, found 412.2541.

Preparation 105 Preparation of tert-Butyl 9-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino-[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate.

A solution of 1-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzene (0.28 g, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (12 mL) was added to a flask charged with 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-9-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.50 g, 1.2 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.11 g, 0.12 mmol) and potassium phosphate (0.59 g, 2.8 mmol). Next, trimethylphosphite (0.045 mL, 0.38 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to 95° C. After 28.5 h, the reaction was cooled to rt, diluted with H₂O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M, SIM) with heptane/EtOAc (4:1) to give 0.38 g (80%) of a pale yellow solid: mp 225.5-226° C.; % water (KF): 0.10; melt solvate: 1.46% CH₂Cl₂; 0.19% EtOAc; Anal. Calcd for C₂₃H₂₄F₂N₂O₂.0.10% H₂O.1.46% CH₂Cl_(2-0.19)% EtOAc: C, 68.34; H, 6.19; N, 6.91; found: C, 68.34; H, 6.19; N, 6.81.

Example 308 9-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

TFA (1.9 mL, 25 mmol) was added to a mixture of tert-butyl 9-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.48 g, 1.2 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL). After 1 h, the reaction was quenched with 10% aqueous NaOH and diluted with H₂O. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×25 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40S, SIM) with CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH (976:21:3) to give 0.30 g (85%) of the free base. The HCl salt was prepared from 100 mg of free base as a gray-brown solid (73 mg): mp 285.5-287.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3226, 2949, 2827, 2800, 2753, 1589, 1468, 1449, 1425, 1268, 1228, 995, 802, 780, 731 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 298 (M⁺), 269, 268, 257, 256, 255, 78, 64, 63, 62; Anal. Calcd for C₁₈H₁₆F₂N₂.HCl: C, 64.57; H, 5.12; N, 8.37; found: C, 64.51; H, 5.22; N, 8.29.

Preparation 106 Preparation of 3-Benzoyl-9-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of 3-benzoyl-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.50 g, 4.06 mmol) in DME (50 mL) was degassed via sonication and vacuum/N₂ purge. Then, (PhP₃)₄Pd (0.235 g, 0.203 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 20 min prior to the addition of a solution of tris(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)boroxin (0.900 g, 2.03 mmol) in DME (10 mL) and MeOH (2.5 mL). Next, 2M Na₂CO₃ (12 mL) was added and the reaction was heated to reflux. After 7 h, additional (PhP₃)₄Pd (0.235 g, 0.203 mmol) was added. The reaction was cooled to rt after an additional 15 h. The reaction was partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc and the layers were separated. The aqueous. layer was extracted with additional EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 40M) with heptane/EtOAc (gradient, 2:1 to 1:1) to give 0.61 (37%) of the title compound. An analytical sample was prepared, via crystallization from heptane/EtOAc, as an off-white solid: mp 268.5-271.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3297, 3250, 3243, 3202, 1608, 1500, 1467, 1430, 1300, 1289, 1276, 1233, 786, 740, 706 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 410 (M⁺), 290, 289, 288, 276, 105, 86, 77, 51, 50; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₇H₂₆N₂O₂+H 411.2072, found 411.2073; % water (KF): 0.23; melt solvate: 1.91% EtOAc, 0.15% heptane; Anal. Calcd for C₂₇H₂₆N₂O₂.0.23% H₂O.1.91% EtOAc.0.15% heptane: C, 78.36; H, 6.46; N, 6.67; found: C, 78.16; H, 6.47; N, 6.91.

Example 309 9-(4-Methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-9-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.40 g, 0.97 mmol), potassium hydroxide (1.0 g, 18 mmol) and ethylene glycol (10 mL) was heated to 170° C. After 3 h, the reaction was cooled to rt, diluted with H₂O, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over K₂CO₃, decanted, and concentrated to give 0.26 g (87%) of crude product. The HCl salt was prepared from 100 mg of free base as a light brown solid (39 mg): mp 276.5-277° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3226, 3004, 2986, 2958, 2938, 2832, 2798, 2752, 1609, 1468, 1449, 1420, 1292, 1235, 800 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 306 (M⁺), 277, 264, 86, 84, 78, 63, 62, 61, 51 HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₀H₂₂N₂O+H 307.1810, found 307.1806.

Preparation 107 Preparation of 3-Benzoyl-9-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A solution of 3-benzoyl-9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (2.00 g, 5.42 mmol) in DME (50 mL) was degassed via vacuum/N₂ purge. Then, (PhP₃)₄Pd (0.63 g, 0.54 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 20 min prior to the addition of a degassed solution of 2,4-dichlorophenylboronic acid (1.55 g, 8.12 mmol) in DME (10 mL) and MeOH (0.5 mL). Next, 2M Na₂CO₃ (16 mL) was added and the reaction was heated to reflux. After 2 h, the reaction was cooled to rt and partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional EtOAc (2×75 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with heptane/EtOAc (gradient, 1:1 to 1:2) to give 2.15 g of impure product. Triturating with ether and extended drying under vacuum gave 1.42 g (60%) of gray-brown solid: mp 235.5-237° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3294, 1601, 1468, 1434, 1374, 1330, 1295, 1246, 933, 873, 821, 796, 785, 743, 708 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 434 (M⁺), 315, 313, 300, 105, 78, 77, 64, 63, 51; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₀Cl₂N₂O+H 435.1031, found 435.1017; % Water (KF): 0.10; melt solvate: 0.84% EtOAc.

Example 310 9-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

A mixture of 3-benzoyl-9-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.00 g, 2 30 mmol), potassium hydroxide (2.00 g, 35.6 mmol) and ethylene glycol (20 mL) was heated to 170° C. After 3 h, the reaction was cooled to rt, diluted with H₂O, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over K₂CO₃, decanted, and concentrated to give 0.74 g (97%) of crude product. The HCl salt was prepared from 100 mg of free base as a beige solid (57 mg): mp 273-274.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3230, 2952, 2827, 2799, 2753, 2679, 2576, 1594, 1469, 1454, 1421, 1330, 827, 813, 799 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 332, 330 (M⁺), 303, 301, 300, 292, 290, 289, 288, 287; Anal. Calcd for C₁₈H₁₆Cl₂N₂.HCl: C, 58.80; H, 4.66; N, 7.62; found: C, 58.76; H, 4.76; N, 7.53.

Example 311 N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.52, 7.42, 7.29, 7.23-7.11, 5.13, 3.52, 3.47, 3.32, 3.23, 2.25. MS (ESI+) for C₂₁H₂₀ClN₃O m/z 368.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 312 N-[2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.56, 7.44, 7.35, 7.22, 7.12, 5.17, 3.53, 3.47, 3.33, 3.23, 2.32. MS (ESI+) for C₂₂H₂₂F₃N₃O m/z 402.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 313 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.52, 7.43, 7.21, 7.14, 7.06, 6.97, 5.10, 3.51, 3.45, 3.32, 3.22, 2.76, 2.55, 1.76. MS (ESI+) for C₂₄H₂₇N₃O m/z 374.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 314 N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.53, 7.35,7.18, 7.11, 6.94, 5.83, 3.51, 3.32, 3.26, 2.41. MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₂₀N₄OS m/z 341.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 315 N-(1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4-yl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.51, 7.37, 7.27, 7.20, 7.11, 5.10, 5.06, 4.98, 3.51, 3.46, 3.29, 3.22. MS (ESI+) for C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₂ m/z 362.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 316 2-(7-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 7-bromo-6-{2-[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.280 g, 0.52 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (15 mL). 4N HCl in dioxane (5 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt under N₂. After 1 h, a white solid precipitated from the solution. The precipitate was collected by filtration. Pure 2-(7-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride was obtained after recrystallization from 3:1 CH₃OH:Et₂O (20 mL), as a white solid (0.220 g) in 94% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.4, 3.22-3.28, 3.49-3.59, 5.7-5.78, 6.88, 7.02, 7.35, 7.54; MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₁₉BrN₄OS m/z 420.8 (M+H)⁺.

Example 317 2-(8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 2-(7-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride in 53% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.38, 3.21-3.29, 3.46-3.56, 5.24, 6.83, 7.25, 7.46, 7.58; MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₁₉BrN₄OS m/z 420.8 (M+H)⁺.

Example 318 2-(9-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)acetamide hydrochloride in 14% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.33, 3.18-3.29, 3.46-3.55, 5.19, 6.69, 7.28, 7.69; MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₁₉BrN₄OS m/z 420.9 (M+H)⁺.

Example 319 2-(10-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

tert-Butyl 10-bromo-6-{2-[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.13 g, 0.24 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL). CF₃CO₂H (0.5 mL, 0.74 g, 6.5 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt under N₂ for 46 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between 1N NaOH (60 mL) and EtOAc (350 mL). The aqueous layer was back extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was flash chromatographed (10% CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂ containing 0.05% 7N NH₃/CH₃OH) and 2-(10-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide was obtained in 28% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.33, 3.02-3.09, 3.14-3.21, 3.55-3.63, 5.16, 6.67, 6.97, 7.21, 7.30; MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₁₉BrN₄OS m/z 420.8 (M+H)⁺.

Example 320 6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

tert-Butyl 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.100 g, 0.302 mmol) was dissolved in THF (6 mL). 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol (0.067 g, 0.454 mmol) was added, and after 25 min di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (0.105 g, 0.454 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 5 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude product was flash chromatographed (9:1 hexane:EtOAt) and tert-butyl 6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate was obtained in 22% yield. tert-Butyl 6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.028 g, 0.061 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (5 mL). 4N HCl in dioxane (2 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt under N₂ for 20 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude product was dissolved in EtOAc (2 mL) and Et₂O (3 mL) was added dropwise. The precipitate was collected by filtration, wash with Et₂O and dried in vacuo at reduced pressure to yield 6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride in 73% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1.66-1.72, 2.35-2.39, 2.65-2.72, 3.20-3.23, 3.36-3.50, 4.23-4.28, 4.61-4.64, 6.51, 6.63, 6.93, 7.10, 7.18, 7.44, 7.50; MS (ESI+) for C₂₄H₂₈N₂O m/z 361.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 321 6-{2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl}-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 6-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride in 69% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1.20-1.26, 1.53-1.61, 1.63-1.73, 2.34-2.40, 3.21-3.26, 3.37-3.53, 4.22-4.28, 4.59-4.66, 6.53, 6.93, 6.99, 7.10, 7.18, 7.42, 7.50; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₃₂N₂O m/z 389.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 108 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 3-benzoyl-10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.15, 2.27, 2.39, 2.53, 2.92, 3.19, 3.42, 3.65, 3.71, 3.95, 6.72, 7.08, 7.26-7.35, 7.36-7.55; MS (ESI+) for C₂₅H₂₁ClN₂O m/z 401.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 322 10-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Obtained as a minor product, in 21% yield, from the deprotection reaction of 3-benzoyl-10-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5, 6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole with KOH in ethylene glycol at 170° C. for 26 h. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.26, 2.35-2.46, 2.53-2.60, 2.77-2.84, 2.97-3.02, 6.72, 7.06, 7.29, 7.32-7.40, 7.48; MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₁₉ClN₂ m/z 311.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 323 10-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole in 96% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.31, 2.45, 2.86-2.93, 3.04-3.10, 3.12-3.18, 6.73, 7.08, 7.31, 7.33-7.40, 7.48; MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₁₆ClN₂ m/z 297.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 109 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-(2-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.17 g, 3.2 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.39 g, 0.34 mmol), and dimethoxyethane (25 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes then treated with 2-methylboronic acid (0.52 g, 3.8 mmol) and a 2 M solution of Na₂CO₃ (12 mL). The reaction was heated to reflux for 15.25 hours then cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×) and the organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil which was passed through a column of silica gel with 1:5 ethyl acetate/hexane to give 0.53 g (44%) of a brown oil as the title compound.

Example 324 10-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

The tert-butyl 10-(2-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.53 g, 1.40 mmol) from above was treated with a solution of 4 N HCl in dioxane (10 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 3.7 hours. After the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo CH₂Cl₂ was added and the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give a green solid (475 mg) which was recrystallized from CH₃OH/ethyl acetate to give 0.362 g (82%) of a light brown solid as the title compound: mp 278.5-281° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.20 (s, 1H), 9.40 (br s, 1H), 7.32-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.15 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.27 (m, 2H), 1.98 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 140.9, 135.8, 135.5, 134.5, 132.7, 129.4, 129.2, 127.2, 125.3, 125.0, 120.2, 119.7, 110.0, 109.7, 45.9, 44.2, 24.3, 21.1, 19.6; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3257 (s), 2992 (s), 2946 (s,b), 2906 (s,b), 2849 (s), 2831 (s), 2801 (s), 2774 (s), 2676, 2572, 2446, 1463, 1336, 766, 744 (s) cm⁻¹; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₉H₂₀N₂+H₁ 277.1704, found 277.1702. Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₂₀N₂.HCl.0.5EtOAc: C, 72.69; H, 6.80; N, 8.83. Found: C, 72.60; H, 6.82; N, 8.94.

Preparation 110 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

tert-Butyl 10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (4.40 g, 11.9 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (1.40 g, 1.21 mmol), and dimethoxyethane (60 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes then treated with 2-methoxyboronic acid (2.18 g, 14.3 mmol) and a 2 M solution of Na₂CO₃ (36 mL). The reaction was heated to reflux for 17.0 hours then cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×) and the organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown foam which was passed through a column of silica gel with 40% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 3.87 g (82%) of a white solid as the title compound: mp 218.9-221.6° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.95-10.85 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.38 (m, 4H), 7.27-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.17-6.97 (m, 4H), 6.67-6.61 (m, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.53 (m, 5H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.13 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 170.1, 169.8, 156.8, 156.7, 137.1, 135.7, 134.8, 134.6, 130.8, 130.5, 130.4, 130.2, 130.0, 128.9, 128.5, 128.3, 128.2, 126.1, 126.0, 120.5, 119.9, 119.8, 119.7, 111.2, 110.5, 110.2, 109.7, 109.5, 54.9, 54.7, 49.6, 48.3, 46.1, 44.2, 29.4, 27.5, 25.7, 24.6; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3202, 3181 (b), 1602 (s), 1500, 1489, 1466, 1434, 1299, 1266, 1249, 1241, 786, 759 (s), 748, 707 cm⁻¹; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₆H₂₄N₂O₂+H₁ 397.1916, found 397.1910. Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₁₄N₂O₂: C, 78.76; H, 6.10; N, 7.07. Found: C, 78.40; H, 6.22; N, 6.97.

Example 325 10-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

The 3-benzoyl-10-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.10 g, 2.8 mmol), potassium hydroxide (3.71 g, 57.5 mmol), and ethylene glycol (30 mL) were heated to 170° C. for 4 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil (2.76 g) which was passed through a column of silica gel with 1:19 methanol/chloroform with 1% NH₄OH to give a yellow powder 381 mg (47%) which was treated with a solution of 4 N HCl in dioxane (5 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 2.3 hours. After the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo CH₂Cl₂ was added and the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give a white solid which was recrystallized from CH₃OH/EtOAc to give 0.40 g (43%) of a white solid as the title compound: mp 281.4-283.9° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.15 (s, 1H), 9.40 (br s, 1H), 7.41-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J=7.4 Hz, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 3H), 6.69 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.39 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 156.7, 135.2, 134.4, 130.9, 130.0, 129.9, 128.6, 125.5, 120.7, 120.0, 110.5, 110.3, 110.0, 54.9, 45.9, 44.3, 24.3, 21.2; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3373 (s), 2958, 2935, 2895, 2832, 2791, 2770, 2727, 1483, 1459 (s), 1415, 1230 (s), 1024, 762 (s), 757 (s) cm⁻¹; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₁+H₁ 293.1654, found 293.1658.

Preparation 111 Preparation of 2-(3-Benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)phenol

A 0° C. solution of 3-benzoyl-10-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino([4,5-b]indole (936 mg, 2.36 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was treated with BBr₃ (0.75 mL, 7.94 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 16.5 hours. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. and slowly quenched with saturated NH₄Cl solution. After stirring at room temperature for 1.7 hours the reaction was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 792 mg (88%) of a yellow foam as the title compound: MS m/z 383.3 (M⁺+H).

Preparation 112 Preparation of 3-Benzoyl-10-(2-propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A slurry of 2-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)phenol (357 mg, 0.93 mmol), CS₂CO₃ (1.24 g, 3.82 mmol) and 1-iodopropane (195 mg, 1.15 mmol) in acetone (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 15 hours. The reaction was filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow oil which was passed through a column of silica gel with 50% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 276 mg (70%) of a white foam as the title compound: MS m/z 425.3 (M⁺+H).

Example 326 10-(2-Propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

The 3-benzoyl-10-(2-propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.32 g, 3.1 mmol), potassium hydroxide (4.01 g, 62.2 mmol), and ethylene glycol (30 mL) were heated to 170° C. for 3.25 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil (2.79 g) which was passed through a column of silica gel with 1:19 methanol/chloroform with 1% NH₄OH to give 747 mg (75%) of a yellow foam as the title compound: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.65 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J=7.3 Hz, 1.7 Hz), 7.01 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.97-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.63 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.76 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.78 (m, 4H), 2.59-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.40 (m, 2H), 0.69 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 156.2, 137.6, 134.4, 131.0, 130.9, 130.0, 128.2, 126.5, 120.2, 119.7, 119.0, 112.6, 111.5, 109.4, 68.8, 49.8, 47.9, 32.0, 28.4, 21.9, 10.0; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3399, 3055, 2961, 2932, 2906 (b), 2877, 2834, 1484, 1466, 1449, 1416, 1334, 1259, 1234, 751 (s) cm⁻¹. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₁H₂₄N₂O₃+H₁: 321.1967 found 321.1958.

Example 327 10-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

3-Benzoyl-10-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (3.50 g, 9.1 mmol), potassium hydroxide (11.80 g, 183 mmol), and ethylene glycol (80 mL) were heated to 170° C. for 6.6 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a red oil which was passed through a column of silica gel with 1:19 methanol/chloroform with 1% NH₄OH to give 2.43 g (95%) of a white solid as the title compound: mp 121.8-126.3° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.02 (br s, 1H), 7.42-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.16 (m, 3H), 6.98 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.16-2.86 (m, 6H), 2.58-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.39 (m, 1H); MS m/z 281.2 (M⁺+H).

Example 328 10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 10-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride, the title compound was obtained: MS (ESI+) m/z 331.3 (MH⁺).

Example 329 3-benzyl-10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 3-benzyl-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, the title compound was obtained: 0.82 g (91%); mp 194-195.5° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3404, 1465, 1455, 1419, 1374, 1346, 1334, 1122, 931, 923, 821, 808, 753, 738, 699 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 420 (M⁺), 420, 302, 300, 288, 217, 134, 133, 132, 91, 65; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₂Cl₂N₂+H 421.1238, found 421.1233; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₂₂Cl₂N₂: C, 71.26; H, 5.26; N, 6.65; Cl, 16.83; found: C, 71.62; H, 5.38; N, 6.56.

Example 330 10-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-haxahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride, the title compound was obtained: 0.60 g (100%); mp>262° C. (dec.); IR (diffuse reflectance) 3241, 3053, 2955, 2831, 2806, 2769, 2739, 2671, 2642, 1607, 1491, 1458, 1291, 1238, 753 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 306 (M⁺), 291, 277, 265, 264, 249, 248, 234, 218, 204; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₀H₂₂N₂O+H 307.1810, found 307.1801; Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₂N₂O.HCl: C, 70.06; H, 6.76; N, 8.17; Cl, 10.34; found: C, 70.09; H, 6.90; N, 8.17.

Example 331 3-benzyl-10-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 3-benzyl-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, the title compound was obtained: 0.81 g (97%); mp 177-178° C.; IR (diffuse reflectance) 3406, 2813, 1607, 1513, 1490, 1454, 1346, 1332, 1318, 1237, 1175, 1121, 930, 754, 743 cm⁻¹; MS (EI) m/z 396 (M⁺), 276, 264, 134, 100, 91, 77, 60, 57, 55; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₇H₂₈N₂O+H 397.2280, found 397.2282.

Example 332 10-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-haxahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride, the title compound was obtained: 0.29 (60%); MS (ESI+) m/z 307.3 (MH⁺).

Example 333 3-benzyl-10-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 3-benzyl-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, the title compound was obtained: 0.84 (89%); ¹H NMR 3400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.80, 7.40-7.27, 7.22, 7.14, 7.02, 6.94, 3.98, 3.75, 2.90, 2.68, 2.45, 1.19.

Example 334 9-pyridin-4-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole formate

In a 20 mL vial a solution of MeOH/dioxane (10%, 1.5 mL, degassed with N₂) was added to a mixture of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-9-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.097 g, 0.235 mmol), cesium carbonate (0.115 g, 0.35 mmol), and 4-bromopyridine hydrochloride (0.137 g, 0.70 mmol) and diphenylphosphinoferrocene (0.07 g, 5 mol %) were added. The mixture was flushed with argon and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.06 g, 3 mol %) was added and the vial was placed on a shaker heated at 90° C. for 18 h. Equivalent amounts of cesium carbonate and the palladium catalyst were added with a small amount of MeOH for solubility, and the vial was returned to the shaker and heated at 90° C. for 48 h. MeOH and Bio-Rad Ag. 50W-X2 resin (0.8 g, 5.2 meq, 18 equivalents) were added and heated on the shaker at 65° C. for 2 h. The mixture was rinsed into a fritted plastic syringe and was washed with: MeOH, water, 2 N pyridine in MeOH, THF, MeOH, THF and finally CH₂Cl₂. The resulting cake of resin was then washed with 4 M NH4OH/MeOH and THF successively into tared vials, which were concentrated down on a Gerievac for 18 h. The product was purified on a reverse phase HPLC system to give 4.3 mg (7%) of the title compound as the formate salt. MS (EI) m/z 264 (MH⁺).

Example 335 10-(2-Butoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for 10-(2-propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and substituting 1-iodobutane for 1-iodopropane while making non-critical variations the title compound was obtained as 128 mg (50%) of a brown oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.94 (br s, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.25 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.95-6.93 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.11-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.81 (m, 4H), 2.44-2.39 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.80 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₂H₂₆N₂O+H₁: 335.2123 found 335.2137.

Example 336 10-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of 10-(2-propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and substituting (bromomethyl)cyclopropane for 1-iodopropane while making non-critical variations the title compound was obtained as 74 mg (14%) of a brown oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.92 (br s, 1H), 7.29-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.98-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.01-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.73 (m, 4H), 2.37-2.31 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.30-0.25 (m, 2H), 0.00-0.03 (m, 2H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄N₂O+H₁: 333.1967 found 333.1955.

Example 337 10-[2-(Pentyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of 10-(2-propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and substituting 1-iodopentane for 1-iodopropane while making non-critical variations the title compound was obtained as 361 mg (71%) of a brown oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.83 (br s, 1H), 7.36-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.17-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.06-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.98-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.13 (m, 4H), 0.79 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₃H₂₉N₂O+H₁: 349.2280 found 349.2280.

Example 338 10-[2-(Hexyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of 10-(2-propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and substituting 1-iodohexane for 1-iodopropane while making non-critical variations the title compound was obtained as 360 mg (66%) of a yellow foam: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.83 (br s, 1H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.17-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.06-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.98-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.16 (m, 6H), 0.83 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₄H₃₀N₂O+H₁: 363.2436 found 363.2444.

Example 339 10-(2-Isopropoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of 10-(2-propoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and substituting 2-iodopropane for 1-iodopropane while making non-critical variations the title compound was obtained as 236 mg (56%) of a brown oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.88 (br s, 1H), 7.36-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.16-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.08 (m, 6H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₁H₂₄N₂O+H₁: 321.1967 found 321.1949.

Preparation 113 Preparation of 3-Benzoyl-10-[2-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

A 0° C. solution of 2-(3-benzoyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-yl)phenol (0.88 mg, 2.30 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was treated with triphenylphosphine (1.03 g, 3.93 mmol) and cyclopentanol (0.32 g, 3.67 mmol). After stirring for 10 minutes, di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (0.80 g, 3.45 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and passed through a column of silica gel with 50% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 741 mg (72%) of a yellow solid as the title compound: mp 187.0-189.2° C. MS m/z 451.3 (M⁺+H).

Example 340 10-[2-(Cyclopentyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

The 3-benzoyl-10-[2-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.73 g, 1.6 mmol), potassium hydroxide (2.07 g, 32.1 mmol), and ethylene glycol (15 mL) were heated to 170° C. for 2.67 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil which was passed through a column of silica gel with 3% methanol/chloroform with 1% NH₄OH to give 419 mg (74%) of a white foam as the title compound: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.83 (br s, 1H), 7.35-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.03-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.69-4.65 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.39 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.67 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.45 (m, 4H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₃H₂₆N₂O+H₁: 347.2123 found 321.2134.

Example 341 10-[2-(Cyclohexyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-bexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of (5aS*,10bS*)-10-[2-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,5a,6,10b-octahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and substituting cyclohexanol for cyclopentanol while making non-critical variations the title compound was obtained as 278 mg (32%) of a white foam: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (br s, 1H), 7.35-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.084.06 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.15 (m, 3H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₄H₂₈N₂O+H₁: 361.2280 found 361.2270.

Example 342 10-[2-(Cyclobutyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of (5aS*,10bS*)-10-[2-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,5a,6,10b-octahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and substituting cyclobutanol for cyclopentanol while making non-critical variations the title compound was obtained as 193 mg (37%) of a tan solid: mp 182.0-184.5° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.85 (br s, 1H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.18-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.63-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.59 (m, 1H); HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄N₂O+H₁: 333.1967 found 333.1960.

Preparation 114 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.51 g, 4.12 mmol) and dioxane (26 mL) were combined at rt under N₂. Et₃N (3.43 mL, 2.49 g, 24.6 mmol) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.28 mL, 1.05 g, 8.21 mmol) were added to the mixture by syringe. trans-Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (0.147 g, 0.209 mmol) was added and Ar was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 15 min. The reaction mixture was refluxed under N₂ for 16 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was combined with toluene (50 mL), brine (20 mL) and H₂O (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (2×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (1.90 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 60 g, eluted with 2:2:1 heptane:CH₂Cl₂:Et₂O) to give tert-butyl 10-(4, 4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (1.57 g) in 93% yield. MS (ESI+) for C₂₃H₃₃BN₂O₄ m/z 413.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 115 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare tert-butyl 9-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate in 58% yield. MS (ESI+) for C₂₃H₂₄F₂N₂O₃ m/z 399.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 343 10-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

tert-Butyl 10-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (0.700 g, 1.76 mmol) was dissolved in CF₃CO₂H (4 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (14 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath and quenched with cold 1N NaOH (100 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with 3% CH₃OH in CH₂Cl₂ (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (0.51 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 30 g, eluted with 90:10:1 CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH:conc. NH₄OH) to yield 10-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.458 g) in 87% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d₆) δ 2.35-2.38, 2.74-2.77, 2.95-2.98, 6.84, 7.08, 7.12, 7.36, 7.50; MS (ESI+) for C₁₈H₁₆F₂N₂ m/z 299.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 116 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

3-Benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (4.00 g, 10.8 mmol) was suspended in benzene (170 mL). 2-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (4.48 g, 21.7 mmol), trans-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (0.433 g, 0.617 mmol) and 2M Na₂CO₃ (17.6 mL) were added to the reaction mixture. Ar was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 20 min. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 11 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was combined with EtOAc (250 mL) and H₂O (400 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (7.95 g) was recrystallized from CH₃OH to yield 3-benzoyl-10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.43 g). The crude product from the mother liquors was chromatographed (SiO₂ 250 g, eluted with 2:1 toluene:EtOAc) to give 3-benzoyl-10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (5.21 g). The yield of the reaction was 87%. IR (diffuse reflectance) 3266, 3227, 3187, 1615, 1574, 1498, 1483, 1464, 1428, 1382, 1354, 1334, 1323, 1288, 1253, 1221, 1202, 1167, 926, 190, 767, 750, 732, 704, 626 cm⁻¹; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₂₁F₃N₂O₂ m/z 450.9 (M+H)⁺; Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₂₁F₃N₂O₂: C, 69.32; H, 4.70; N, 6.22; found: C, 69.25; H, 4.78; N, 6.25.

Example 344 10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

3-Benzoyl-10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (1.55 g, 3.44 mmol) and ethylene glycol (50 mL) were combined and heated to 170° C. KOH (3.91 g, 69.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 170° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and was combined with EtOAc (100 mL) and H₂O (300 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product (5.22 g). The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂ 100 g, eluted with 90:10:1 CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH:conc. NH₄OH) to give 10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (0.82 g) in 69% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.24-2.36, 2.70-2.76, 2.95-3.03, 6.75, 7.06, 7.30, 7.36-7.42, 7.46-7.51; MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₁₇F₃N₂O m/z 347.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 117 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

3-Benzoyl-10-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (15.0 g, 40.6 mmol) was combined with dioxane (350 mL) at rt under N₂. Et₃N (34.0 mL, 24.7 g, 244 mmol) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (11.4 mL, 9.37 g, 73.2 mmol) were added to the mixture by syringe. trans-Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (1.44 g, 2.04 mmol) was added and Ar was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 20 min. The reaction mixture was refluxed under N₂ for 18 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was combined with EtOAc (500 mL) and H₂O (200 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (22.9 g) was recrystallized from CH₃OH (50 mL) to give 3-benzoyl-10-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (11.7 g) in 69% yield. MS (ESI+) for C₂₅H₂₉BN₂O₃ m/z 417.2 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 118 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

3-Benzoyl-10-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (2.50 g, 6.00 mmol), triturated potassium phosphate (3.01 g, 14.2 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.562 g, 0.613 mmol) were combined in dioxane (63 mL) at rt under N₂. 2-Bromobenzotrifluoride (0.98 mL, 1.62 g, 7.21 mmol) and trimethylphosphite (0.22 mL, 0.231 g, 1.86 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture by syringe. Ar was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 20 min. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 22 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in toluene (150 mL) and H₂O (200 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (1×100 mL, 1×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product (3.90 g) was chromatographed (SiO₂ 250 g, eluted with 2:1 toluene:EtOAc) to yield 3-benzoyl-10-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (2.48 g) in 95% yield. IR (diffuse reflectance) 3294, 1617, 1575, 1461, 1439, 1423, 1346, 1334, 1316, 1276, 1266, 1259, 1178, 1170, 1126, 1113, 1105, 1058, 1034, 792, 775, 755, 719, 701, 626 cm⁻¹; MS (ESI+) for C₂₆H₂₁F₃N₂O m/z 435.0 (M+H)⁺; Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₂₁F₃N₂O: C, 71.88; H, 4.87; N, 6.45; found: C, 71.94; H, 4.93; N, 6.48.

Example 345 10-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Prepared according to the procedure used to prepare 10-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole in 69% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.02-2.14, 2.64, 2.71, 2.93-3.03, 6.72, 7.02, 7.29, 7.34, 7.56, 7.61, 7.78; MS (ESI+) for C₁₉H₁₇F₃N₂ m/z 331.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation 119 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-3(2H)-yl](phenyl)methanone (500 mg), 4-chlorophenyl boronic acid (423 mg) and trans-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (52 mg) were dissolved in benzene (42 mL) and 2N Na₂CO₃ (3.3 ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 20 h, poured into brine, extracted with EtOAc, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purification via flash chromatography (silica gel, 1:1 hexane:EtOAc) provided 520 mg of the title compound as a solid: ¹H NMR. (DMSO-d₆) δ 1.99, 2.49, 3.12, 3.53, 3.62, 3.84, 6.77, 7.02, 7.4-7.6.

Example 346 10-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole dihydrochloride

3-benzoyl-10-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole and KOH (3.0 g) were stirred in ethylene glycol (10 ml) and the reaction mixture was heated at 170° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc, separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The product was dissolved in EtOAc and HCl (4 ml, 1N in Et₂O) was added. The precipitate was filtered and recrystallized from EtOAc/MeOH to give the title compound as a solid: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 3.09, 3.18, 3.30, 4.48, 6.78, 7.08, 7.32, 7.38, 7.52, 9.60, 11.3. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₈H₁₇ClN₂ (MH⁺) 297.1158, found 297.1137.

Preparation 120 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate boronic acid, the title compound was obtained. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 2.24, 2.49, 2.89, 3.12, 3.52, 3.59, 3.84, 6.77, 7.06, 7.31-7.47, 11.23. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₅H₂₁ClN₂O (MH⁺) 401.1420, found 401.1396.

Example 347 10-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole dihydrochloride

Following the procedure for the preparation of 10-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole hydrochloride, making non-critical variations, starting with 3-benzoyl-10-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, the title compound was obtained. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 3.05, 3.21, 3.31, 4.51, 6.85, 7.1-7.5, 11.3.

Preparation 121 Preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

Following the procedure for the preparation of 3-benzoyl-10-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, making non-critical variations, starting with the appropriate boronic acid, the title compound was obtained: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 1.99, 2.2-2.4, 2.87, 3.11, 3.53, 3.82, 6.69, 7.06, 7.27-7.75, 7.06.

Preparation 122 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,4,5,5a,6,10b-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole (610 mg) was dissolved in TFA (12 ml), and sodium cyanoborohydride (589 mg)was added portionwise. The reaction mixture stirred 2 h, was quenched with 2N NaOH, extracted with EtOAc, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was dissolved in THF (14 ml) with 2N Na₂CO₃ (4.6 ml) and Boc₂O (441 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred 1 h, poured into brine, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purification via flash chromatography (silica gel, 3:1 hexanes:EtOAc) provided the title compound (660 mg): ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.39, 1.44, 1.99, 3.2-3.6, 6.46, 6.65, 7.05, 7.32, 7.39, 7.41, 7.57.

Preparation 123 Preparation of tert-butyl 10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,4,5,5a,6,10b-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,4,5,5a,6,10b-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (54 mg) in DMF (1.2 ml) was added KH (10 mg) and 2-bromoethyl phenyl ether (30 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred 24 h, poured into satd NaHCO3, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purification via flash chromatography provided the title compound: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.63, 2.30-2.50, 2.92, 3.14, 3.42, 3.75, 4.26, 4.53, 6.84, 6.96, 7.20-7.51.

Example 348 10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole

To a solution of 1-tert-butyl 10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,4,5,5a,6,10b-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (50 mg) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 ml) was added TFA (0.25 ml). The reaction mixture stirred 2 h, was quenched with 2N NaOH, extracted with EtOAc, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purification via flash chromatography (silica gel, 9:1 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH with 0.5% NH₄OH) provided the title compound: ¹H NMR (CD₃QD) δ 2.25-2.43, 2.72, 3.03, 3.33, 4.21, 4.55, 6.75, 6.87, 7.14, 7.17. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₆H₂₄Cl₂N₂O₂ (MH⁺) 451.1344, found 451.1340.

Example 349 N-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-amine

To a solution of tert-butyl 10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate (600 mg), sodium t-butoxide (220 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (23 mg), aniline (183 mg) toluene (1.64 ml) was added 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)biphenyl (30 mg) and the reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. The reaction mixture stirred 16 h, was poured into brine, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was stirred in CH₂Cl₂ (8 ml) and TFA (2 ml) was added. The reaction mixture stirred 1 h, was quenched with 2N NaOH, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purification via flash chromatography (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 9/1 with 0.5% NH₄OH) provided the title compound: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 2.68, 2.83-2.90, 6.58-6.67, 6.89, 7.06, 7.54, 10.71.

Example 350 N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-amine

Following the procedure for the preparation of N-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-10-amine, making non-critical variations, starting from tert-butyl 10-bromo-1,4,5,6-tetrabydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-3(2H)-carboxylate the title compound was prepared: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 2.91, 3.01, 3.06, 3.20, 6.36, 6.65, 6.75, 6.99, 7.17, 7.35, 11.0. HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₁₈H₁₈ClN₃ (MH⁺) 312.1267, found 312.1281.

Efficacy Data

The ability of a compound of the invention to act as a 5-HT receptor agonist or antagonist can also be determined using in vitro and in vivo assays that are known in the art. The invention provides compounds of formula (I) that act as either agonists or as antagonists of one or more 5-HT receptor subtypes. The compounds of the invention are 5-HT ligands, which typically displace >50% of a radiolabeled test ligand from one or more 5-HT receptor subtype at a concentration of 1 μM. The procedures used for testing such displacement are well known and would be readily available to one skilled in the art. For example, see L. W. Fitzgerald et al., Mol. Pharmacol, 2000, 57, 1, 75-81; and D. B. Wainscott, et al., J. Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1996, 276, 2, 720-727.

All cited publications, patents, and patent documents are incorporated by reference herein, as though individually incorporated by reference. The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention. 

1. A compound of Formula (I):

wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene Ar; each R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈alkyl, and OH; R³ is Het, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁷SO₂—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, or R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneC(═O)—; each R⁴, independently, is selected from the group consisting of Ar, C₁₋₈alkyl, ArO—, C₁₋₈alkoxy, Het, halo, OH, CN, NO₂, CF₃, CF₃O, NR^(a)R^(b), N═CR^(a)R^(b), R⁷S, C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a); each R⁵ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; or R⁵ and R⁶ together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, or thiomorpholino ring; each R⁷ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; R^(c) is R⁷CO₂—, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁷O—, R⁷C₁₋₈alkyleneO—, R⁷S—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁷S(═O)₂—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁷C(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷(═S)N(R⁷)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷SO₂N(R⁷)—, or R⁷N(R⁷)C(═O)N(R⁷)—; each Ar is independently aryl or heteroaryl; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; wherein any Ar of R¹, R⁴-R⁷, R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(e), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(e), SO₂R^(e), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(e), R^(e), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(d) is independently hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkoxy, cyano, SR^(h), or C(═O)R^(h); each R^(e) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; wherein any Ar of R^(e) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(d), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(f), SO₂R^(f), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(f), R^(f), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(f) and R^(g), is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; and each R^(h) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, phenyl, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene(phenyl); each Het is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-dithiane, 2H-pyran, 2-pyrazoline, 4H-pyran, chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholine, piperazinyl, piperidine, piperidyl, pyrazolidine, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, quinuclidine, and thiomorpholino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; with the proviso that when (a) R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, or optionally substituted phenylC₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, and (b) q is 0, and (c) p is 1 or 2, then R⁴ is other than halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy; and with the proviso that when (a) R³ is C₁₋₆alkylenephenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or OC₁₋₈alkyl; then either (i) p is 3 or 4; or (ii) p is 2, one R⁴ is halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy, and the other R⁴ is other than C₁₋₈alkyl; or (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than a halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy.
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ is hydrogen.
 3. A compound of Formula (I):

wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene Ar; each R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈alkyl, and OH; R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Het, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁷SO₂—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, or R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneC(═O)—; each R⁴, independently, is selected from the group consisting of Ar, C₁₋₈alkyl, ArO—, C₁₋₈alkoxy, Het, halo, OH, CN, NO₂, CF₃, CF₃O, NR^(a)AR^(b), N═CR^(a)R^(b), R⁷S, C₁₋₈hydrocarbylener, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a); each R⁵ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; or R⁵ and R⁶ together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, or thiomorpholino ring; each R⁷ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; R_(c) is Ar, Het, R⁷CO₂—, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁷O—, R⁷C₁₋₈alkyleneO—, R⁷S—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁷S(═O)₂—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁷C(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷C(═S)N(R⁷)—, R⁵R⁶N—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷SO₂N(R⁷)—, or R⁷N(R⁷)C(═O)N(R⁷)—; each Ar is independently aryl or heteroaryl; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; wherein any Ar of R¹, R⁴-R⁷, R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(e), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(e), SO₂R^(e), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(e), R^(e), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(d) is independently hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkoxy, cyano, SR^(h), or C(═O)R^(h); each R^(e) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; wherein any Ar of R^(e) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(d), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(f), SO₂R^(f), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(f), R^(f), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(f) and R^(g), is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; and each R^(h) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, phenyl, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene(phenyl); each Het is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-dithiane, 2H-pyran, 2-pyrazoline, 4H-pyran, chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholine, piperazinyl, piperidine, piperidyl, pyrazolidine, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, quinuclidine, and thiomorpholino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; with the proviso that when (a) R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, or optionally substituted phenylC₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, and (b) p is 1 or 2, then R⁴ is other than halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy; and with the proviso that when (a) R³ is hydrogen or alkyl, and (b) q is at least 1, and at least one R² is hydroxy substituted at the 5-position of Formula (I), then either (i) p is 2, 3, or 4, or (ii) p is 1 and R⁴ is other than halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkyl, CF₃, CF₃O, C₁₋₈alkoxy, or C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), wherein R^(a) is hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyl; and with the proviso that when (a) R³ is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one halo, trifluoromethyl, C₁₋₈alkyl, hydroxy, or OC₁₋₈alkyl; then either (i) p is 3, or 4, or (ii) p is 2 and R⁴ is halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈alkoxy, and the other R⁴ is other than C₁₋₈alkyl; or (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than a halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy.
 4. The compound of claim 1 wherein q is
 1. 5. The compound of claim 1 wherein q is
 0. 6. The compound of claim 1 wherein R³ is hydrogen, R⁷SC₁₋₈alkylene.
 7. The compound of claim 1 wherein R³ is C₁₋₈alkyl, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)CH₂— or aryloxy(CH₂)₂—.
 8. The compound of claim 1 wherein R³ is: 2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl, 2-(3-nitrophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(3-isopropylphenoxy)ethyl, 2-(4-pyridyloxy)ethyl, 3-phenoxypropyl, 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-methylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-mesitylaminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(phenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-fluorophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-nitrophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-cyanophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, 2-anilinoethyl, 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl, isobutoxycarbonylmethyl, carboxymethyl, N,N-dimethylaminocarbonylmethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl, 2-(phenylsulfinyl)ethyl, 2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(phenylthio)ethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(anilinocarbonylamino)-ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethyl, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylethyl, N-phenylaminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2-pyridyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, 3-ethylanilinocarbonylmethyl, 3-isopropylanilinocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-tert-butylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-tert-butyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl, 2-(5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(8-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(5-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl, 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)ethyl, 2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)ethyl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl, 2-(7-quinolinyloxy)ethyl, 2-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]ethyl, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-[2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(3-pyridyl)aminocarbonylmethyl, N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl, or 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl.
 9. A compound of Formula (I):

wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene Ar; each R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈alkyl, and OH; R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Het, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁷SO₂—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, or R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneC(═O)—; each R⁴ is phenyl, optionally substituted at the 2-position of the phenyl; each R⁵ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; or R⁵ and R⁶ together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, or thiomorpholino ring; each R⁷ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; R_(c) is Ar, Het, R⁷CO₂—, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁷O—, R⁷C₁₋₈alkyleneO—, R⁷S—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁷S(═O)₂—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁷C(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷C(═S)N(R⁷)—, R⁵R⁶N—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷SO₂N(R⁷)—, or R⁷N(R⁷)C(═O)N(R⁷)—; each Ar is independently aryl or heteroaryl; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; wherein any Ar of R¹, R⁴-R⁷, R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(e), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(e), SO₂R^(e), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(e), R^(e), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(d) is independently hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkoxy, cyano, SR^(h), or C(═O)R^(h); each R^(e) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; wherein any Ar of R^(e) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(d), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(f), SO₂R^(f), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(f), R^(f), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(f) and R^(g), is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; and each R^(h) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, phenyl, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene(phenyl); each Het is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-dithiane, 2H-pyran, 2-pyrazoline, 4H-pyran, chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholine, piperazinyl, piperidine, piperidyl, pyrazolidine, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, quinuclidine, and thiomorpholino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; with the proviso that when (a) R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, or optionally substituted phenylC₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, and (b) p is 0, and (c) q is 1 or 2, then R⁴ is other than halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy; and with the proviso that when (a) R³ is hydrogen or alkyl, and (b) q is at least 1, and at least one R² is hydroxy substituted at the 5-position of Formula (I), then either (i) p is 2, 3, or 4, or (ii) p is 1 and R⁴ is other than halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkyl, CF₃, CF₃O, C₁₋₈alkoxy, or C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a), wherein R^(a) is hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyl; and with the proviso that when (a) R³ is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one halo, trifluoromethyl, C₁₋₈alkyl, hydroxy, or OC₁₋₈alkyl; then either (i) p is 3, or 4, or (ii) p is 2 and R⁴ is halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈alkoxy, and the other R⁴ is other than C₁₋₈alkyl; or (iii) at least one R⁴ is present and is other than a halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₈alkoxy.
 10. The compound of claim 9 wherein R⁴ is 2-ethoxyphenyl, 2-(C₃₋₈cycloalkyloxy)phenyl, or 2-chlorophenyl.
 11. The compound of claim 1 wherein each R⁴ is aryl, substituted at the 10-position of formula (I).
 12. A compound of Formula (I):

wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene Ar; each R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈alkyl, and OH; each R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Het, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁷SO₂—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene-, or R^(c)C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneC(═O)—; wherein R⁴ is: 5-pyrimidinyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 4-n-butyloxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-pyridinyl, bromo, benzhydrilideneamino, amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, phenoxy, 3-(phenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-naphthyloxy)propyl, 3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl, 3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yloxy)propyl, 3-(3-methoxyphonoxy)propyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-cyanophenoxy)propyl, 3-(pyridin-2-yloxy)propyl, 3-(2-bromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-iodophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-isopropylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-cyanophenoxy)propyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yloxy)-propyl, 3-(3-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-bromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-iodophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)propyl, 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propyl, 3-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]propyl, 3-(3-ethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(pyridin-4yloxy)propyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-[4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy]propyl, 3-(4-bromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-iodophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-ethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl, 3-[4′-(bromo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)oxy]propyl, 3-(2,3-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-iodo-2-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,5-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-chloro-5-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-fluoro-6-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-(2,3,6-trimethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(mesityloxy)propyl, 3-(2,6-dibromo-4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)propyl, 3-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyloxy)propyl, 3-[(2,4-dichloro-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[4-chloro-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[1,6-dibromo-2-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-[1-bromo-2-naphthyl)oxy]propyl, 3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(5-isoquinolinyloxy)propyl, 2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, phenyl, phenoxy, 4-pyridinyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yloxypropyl, chloro, 2,6-difluorophenyl, bromo, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-propoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)propyl, 3-(5-chloro-8-quinolinyloxy)propyl, fluoro, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl, or 2,4-dichlorophenyl. each R⁵ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; or R⁵ and R⁶ together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, or thiomorpholino ring; each R⁷ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; R_(c) is Ar, Het, R⁷CO₂—, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁷O—, R⁷C₁₋₈alkyleneO—, R⁷S—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁷S(═O)₂—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁷C(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷C(═S)N(R⁷)—, R⁵R⁶N—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷SO₂N(R⁷)—, or R⁷N(R⁷)C(═O)N(R⁷)—; each Ar is independently aryl or heteroaryl; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; wherein any Ar of R¹, R⁴-R⁷, R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(e), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(e), SO₂R^(e), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(e), R^(e), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(d) is independently hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkoxy, cyano, SR^(h), or C(═O)R^(h); each R^(e) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; wherein any Ar of R^(e) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(d), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(f), SO₂R^(f), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(f), R^(f), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(f) and R^(g), is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; and each R^(h) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, phenyl, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene(phenyl); each Het is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-dithiane, 2H-pyran, 2-pyrazoline, 4H-pyran, chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholine, piperazinyl, piperidine, piperidyl, pyrazolidine, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, quinuclidine, and thiomorpholino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 13. The compound of claim 1 wherein R⁴ is 10-(2-ethoxyphenyl).
 14. The compound of Formula (II):

wherein each R², independently, is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈alkyl, and OH; each R⁴, independently, is selected from the group consisting of Ar, C₁₋₈alkyl, ArO—, C₁₋₈alkoxy, Het, halo, OH, CN, NO₂, CF₃, CF₃O, NR^(a)R^(b), N═CR^(a)R^(b), R⁷S, C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr, and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneOR^(a); each R⁷ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, Ar, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneAr; R^(a) and R^(b), independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; R_(c) is Ar, Het, R⁷CO₂—, R⁷C(═O)—, R⁷OC(═O)—, R⁷O—, R⁷C₁₋₈alkyleneO—, R⁷S—, R⁷C(═S)—, R⁷S(═O)—, R⁷S(═O)₂—, R⁷SC(═O)—, R⁷C(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷C(═S)N(R⁷)—, R⁵R⁶N—, R⁵R⁶NC(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NC(═S)—, R⁵R⁶NS(═O)—, R⁵R⁶NSO₂—, R⁷S(═O)N(R⁷)—, R⁷SO₂N(R⁷)—, or R⁷N(R⁷)C(═O)N(R⁷)—; each Ar is independently aryl or heteroaryl; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; wherein any Ar of R¹, R⁴-R⁷, R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(e), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(e), SO₂R^(e), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(e), R^(e), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(d) is independently hydroxy, C₁₋₈alkoxy, cyano, SR^(h), or C(═O)R^(h); each R^(e) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; wherein any Ar of R^(e) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO₂, OR^(d), methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, CF₃, OCF₃, SR^(f), SO₂R^(f), NR^(f)R^(g), CONR^(f)R^(g), COR^(f), R^(f), and C₁₋₈hydrocarbyleneR^(d); each R^(f) and R^(g), is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, Ar, C₁₋₃hydrocarbyleneAr, SO₂Ar, SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, (C₃₋₈cycloalkyl)C₁₋₈alkyl, and Het; and each R^(h) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, haloC₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, phenyl, or —C₁₋₈hydrocarbylene(phenyl); each Het is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-dithiane, 2H-pyran, 2-pyrazoline, 4H-pyran, chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholine, piperazinyl, piperidine, piperidyl, pyrazolidine, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, quinuclidine, and thiomorpholino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described in claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 16. A method of treating anxiety, depression, epilepsy, migraine, or obesity in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound as described in claim
 1. 17. The method of claim 45 wherein the disease or disorder is anxiety or depression.
 18. A method of treating anxiety, depression, epilepsy, migraine, or obesity in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound as described in claim
 3. 19. A method of treating anxiety, depression, epilepsy, migraine, or obesity in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound as described in claim
 9. 20. A method of treating anxiety, depression, epilepsy, migraine, or obesity in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound as described in claim
 14. 21. The compound N-[2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indol-6(1H)-yl)ethyl]aniline or 2-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-6(1H)-yl)ethanamine dihydrochloride or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 